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Restriction Enzymes

Discovered in bacteria Allow bacteria to protect themselves from viri Specialized proteins (enzymes) that act as nucleases Break bonds between nucleotides (building blocks of nucleic acids, including DNA) Recognize specific, short sequences of nucleotides in DNA

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Restriction Enzymes

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  1. Discovered in bacteria • Allow bacteria to protect themselves from viri • Specialized proteins (enzymes) that act as nucleases • Break bonds between nucleotides (building blocks of nucleic acids, including DNA) • Recognize specific, short sequences of nucleotides in DNA • Cleave DNA at the recognition sites Restriction Enzymes

  2. 5 end Nitrogenous bases Pyrimidines 5C 3C Nucleoside Nitrogenous base Thymine (T, in DNA) Uracil (U, in RNA) Cytosine (C) Purines Phosphate group Sugar (pentose) 5C Adenine (A) Guanine (G) (b) Nucleotide 3C Sugars 3 end (a) Polynucleotide, or nucleic acid Ribose (in RNA) Deoxyribose (in DNA) (c) Nucleoside components: sugars

  3. 5' end 3' end Sugar-phosphate backbones Base pair (joined by hydrogen bonding) Old strands Nucleotide about to be added to a new strand 3' end 5' end New strands 5' end 3' end 5' end 3' end

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