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JAMM 445

JAMM 445. Week 12: Progressives & Muckrakers April 4, 2011. Schedule update. Today: Muckrakers Wednesday: Photographers and the reform movement Friday: Douglas Brinkley (tentative). Oral-history interviews. Check names on list OK to switch to a new person if no one has requested him/her

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JAMM 445

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  1. JAMM 445 Week 12: Progressives & Muckrakers April 4, 2011

  2. Schedule update • Today: Muckrakers • Wednesday: Photographers and the reform movement • Friday: Douglas Brinkley (tentative)

  3. Oral-history interviews • Check names on list • OK to switch to a new person if no one has requested him/her • This week: set up interviews • Next week: conduct interviews • April 18: Outline due (intro, key points) • April 25: Paper due (2-3 pages)

  4. Douglas Brinkley • Historian & author • Friday, April 8 • 7:30 p.m. • SUB Ballroom • Reaction paper due Friday, April 15, 5 p.m. • Turn in at JAMM office • No e-mail submissions

  5. Reading for this week • Voices of a Nation: Chapter 11 • Progressivism and World War I • Teddy Roosevelt’s muckraker speech (April 14, 2006) • http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/teddyrooseveltmuckrake.htm

  6. Extra-credit event • TODAY: 3:30 p.m., TLC 030 • Rod Gramer, executive news director, KGW-TV, Portland

  7. Extra-credit event • TODAY: Ambassador TheogeneRudasingwa • 7 p.m., SUB Ballroom • Paper due: Monday, April 10

  8. Extra-credit event at WSU • Tuesday: 4:10 p.m. • Charlie Tillinghast, president, MSNBC Interactive News • Old New Media: How Everything Is Changing For The Companies That Changed Everything • WSU Communication Addition (CADD) 21 • http://www.wsunews.wsu.edu/pages/publications.asp?Action=Detail&PublicationID=25225

  9. Who were the Muckrakers? • Investigative reporters, editors • 1900-1915 • Primarily wrote for magazines • Sought to reform society by exposing problems • Supported goals of Progressive politicians… and inspired them

  10. Who were the Progressives? • Reformers, 1900-1920 • Urban, middle class, white, Protestant • Political parties • Democrats (Wilson) • Republicans (T. Roosevelt, Taft) • Socialists (Eugene Debs)

  11. 1870-1900: Social changes • Immigration • Urbanization • Industrialization • Shift from producer to consumer economy • Rise of corporations • Banking, railroads, steel, oil • Oligarchies in many industries

  12. What were the problems? • Monopolies, corporate greed • Politicians favored ‘special interests’ • Municipal corruption • Unsanitary food, polluted water • Discrimination against women

  13. 1800s: Reform movements • Abolitionism • Women’s suffrage • Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth C. Stanton • Temperance (anti-saloon leagues)

  14. 1890s: Reform movements • Agrarian activists fought railroads, banks, grain companies • Farmers Alliances, Patrons of Husbandry (Grange) • People’s Party or “Populists” • State, local officials in South, West • Supported Wm. Jennings Bryan for president in 1896, 1900

  15. Themes in Progressivism • Reform politics... by making it more professional • Regulate the economy... by making it more efficient • Transform the social order ... by making it more moral • Impose “middle-class” order • Anti-immigrant sentiment

  16. Progressivism “Progressives wanted not only to use the state to regulate the economy; strikingly, they intended nothing less than to transform other Americans, to remake the nation’s feuding, polyglot population in their own middle-class image.” --Michael McGerr, author A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement, 1870-1920

  17. Progressivism • “So far as this movement of agitation throughout the country takes the form of a fierce discontent with evil, of a firm determination to punish the authors of evil, whether in industry or politics, the feeling is to be heartily welcomed as a sign of healthy life.” --Theodore Roosevelt, 1906

  18. S.S. McClure • Samuel Sidney McClure • Born 1857, Ireland • Founded McClure’s, 1893 • Illustrated monthly • Political & literary content

  19. McClure’s • 1902: Published Ida Tarbell’s expose of Standard Oil • 1906: Staff defected, formed The American Magazine • 1911: McClure sold magazine • 1929: Final issue

  20. Why magazines? • Circulated throughout U.S.; problems were national in scope • Not dependent on local advertising • Smaller risk of reprisal or boycott • More money for investigations

  21. Ida Tarbell A History of the Standard Oil Company (1904) • Described monopoly practices in oil industry • Critical of John D. Rockefeller’s practices • Led to anti-trust actions against large corporations

  22. Ida Tarbell VIDEO: The Prize

  23. Lincoln Steffens • The Shame of Minneapolis: • “The thieves in the local jail were liberated… the incoming swindlers reported to King or his staff and went to work. Gambling went on openly and disorderly houses multiplied.”

  24. David Graham Phillips • “Treason of the Senate” • Cosmopolitan • Senators received payments from insurance companies before voting on legislation

  25. TR vs. the Muckrakers • 1906: Roosevelt speech denounced reporters for attacking his friends • “…the man who could look no way but downward with the muck-rake in his hands; who would neither look up nor regard the crown he was offered, but continued to rake to himself the filth on the floor.” --John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress

  26. TR & the Muckrakers • Paradox: Roosevelt liked reporters, friends with many muckrakers… • …but he disliked William Randolph Hearst (owner of Cosmopolitan)

  27. Muckrakers

  28. Upton Sinclair • The Jungle (1906) Workers fell into open vats “and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting. Sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out to the world as Anderson’s Pure Leaf Lard!”

  29. Upton Sinclair • The Jungle (1906) “I aimed at the public’s heart and by accident hit it in the stomach.”

  30. Reading for next class • Voices of a Nation: Chapter 11 • Progressivism and World War I

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