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memory and forgetting

memory and forgetting. Memory - fundamental component of daily life - it is the storage of learned information for retrieval and future use. Basic processes. Sensory input. STORAGE. retrival. - Converting information into a form that can be entered and stored in the memory.

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memory and forgetting

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  1. memory and forgetting

  2. Memory - fundamental component of daily life - it is the storage of learned information for retrieval and future use.

  3. Basic processes Sensory input STORAGE retrival - Converting information into a form that can be entered and stored in the memory. - The process whereby a encoded information is held for future use. - The process whereby a stored memory is brought into consciousness.

  4. SHORT TERM MEMORY • Limited capacity • Brief storage of items • (30 seconds) • 3. Involve in conscious • processing of • information Three memory system • SENSORY MEMORY • Large capacity • Contain sensory information • Very brief retention of images (1/2- 2 sec) • LONG TERM • MEMORY • Unlimited capacity • Storage thought • by some to be • permanent • Information • organized and • indexed

  5. Short term memory • MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL - the process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about the information. 2. SLOTS - STM seems to be divided into slots. - 7 slots, each one is capable in holding one piece of information.

  6. 3. PRIMACY - when you are receiving information, the information perceived first is more likely to be remembered. 4. RECENCY - information perceived toward the end of an event is also more likely to be remembered.

  7. 5. ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL - connecting new information with previously stored, already existing associative structures.

  8. Long term memory 3 CATEGORIES OF LTM • PROCEDURAL MEMORY -basic type of long-term memory -involves rudimentary procedures and behaviors. -declarative memory- factual information

  9. b. SEMANTIC MEMORY -mental models of the environment as well as procedures. ex: knowledge of the world meanings, language c. EPISODIC MEMORY - information about the events, people, places etc., that includes an autobiography aspect of time and places.

  10. REHEARSAL OF INFORMATION (STM) ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL (LTM) ENCODING HOW DO WE REMEMBER ? WHY DO WE FORGET ? • Information to sensory and STM appears to DECAY if does not receive further processing. • New information may erase the “old” in LTM • Proactive and Retroactive interference take place • Cue dependent is inadequate

  11. julie judy julie judy Learned first Learned second Learned first Learned second Retroactive interference Proactive interference CONFABULATION - the confusion of imagined events with actual ones. - a person remembers information that was never stored in the memory. - occur when the person remember parts of the information and fills in the gap by making up the rest.

  12. EIDETIC MEMORY / PHOTOGRAPHIC MEMORY - people of this type can remember with amazing accuracy all the details of a photograph, pages of the book on a short tem exposure. - A.R. Luria experiment on patient SS. AMNESIA - the inability to distinguish information stored during an event from the information added later.

  13. Types of amnesia • RETROGRADE AMNESIA - they are unable to remember part or all of their past, particularly episodic information. - due to memory consolidation - a new memory trace is apparently easily lost.

  14. 2. ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA - unable to form new long-term memories, short term memory and existing LTM may be fine. - does not affect procedural memories, -seen in damage of hippocampus. 3. Childhood Amnesia • an inability to recall events from the first years of life even through this is the time when experience is at its richest

  15. THEORIES OF FORGETTING 1. DECAY • Forgetting due to memories fading over time. • Occur in Sensory and STM. • INTERFERENCE - Hindrance of new information because of other information learned before or after the new information.

  16. 3. RETRIEVAL-BASE FORGETTING - information stored in LTM is not being accessed or brought out properly, given time it is possible to retrieve it. 4. STORAGE –BASE FORGETTING - information in LTM was distorted, altered or changed so no longer accessible when searching for what is used to be.

  17. 5. MOTIVATED FORGETTING - a purposeful process of blocking or “suppressing” information - Freud called it repression.

  18. IMPROVING MEMORY 1. CHUNKING -Grouping items together which can be remembered only a bit of information. 2. MNEMONICS - Providing elaborative encoding and making material meaningful. 3. OVER LEARNING - Practicing of information over and over again until it becomes fixed in the brain.

  19. Quiz Identify the following: • In one of Pavlov’s experiments, a dog learned to salivate in response to a bell. In this case the bell was_____ and the salivation is elicited was a condition response of. • He believed in one trial learning • Conditioning can be seen in be experience in every day's life as a form of ________. • The ability to lean observing models is called? • Highest form of learning is _____? • He identify the trial and error philosophical learning? • He make use of rat in the experiment • A man with don juan syndrome is characterize by • People who highly give importance to interpersonal communication is/ • Highest form of learning is

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