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ARCH

ARCH. Sasha M. Romero A. 11-10905. Content. Arches in history What’s an arch ? What are its uses? How they are classified ? How many types of arches can we find ?. Did you know …?.

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ARCH

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  1. ARCH Sasha M. Romero A. 11-10905

  2. Content Arches in history What’sanarch? What are its uses? Howthey are classified? Howmanytypes of arches can wefind?

  3. Didyouknow…? The arch was an essential element of the architecture of early civilizations. Arches appeared as early as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamian brick architecture and their systematic use started with the Ancient Romans who were the first to apply the technique to a wide range of structures.

  4. What’sanarch? It's a curved structure that spans the opening between two piers or columns and supports loads from above. The masonry arch provides the stepping stone from the post-and-beam system to the evolution of the vault.

  5. The commonest uses for an arch are as a bridge, supporting a roadway, railroad track, or footpath, and as part of a building, where it provides a large open space unobstructed by columns. Arches are usually built of steel, reinforced concrete, or timber.

  6. On the basis of structural behavior, arches are classified as fixed (hinge-less), single-hinged, two-hinged, or three-hinged. An arch is considered to be fixed when rotation is prevented at its supports.

  7. Arches have many forms, but all fall into three basic categories: Circular, pointed, and parabolic.

  8. Arches with a circular form, also referred to as rounded arch, were commonly employed by the builders of ancient, heavy masonry arches.

  9. Pointed arches were most often used by builders of Gothic-style architecture. The advantage to using a pointed arch, rather than a circular arch, is that the arch action in a pointed arch produces less thrust at the base.

  10. Of any arch type, the parabolic arch produces the most thrust at the base, but can span the largest areas. It is commonly used in bridge design, where long spans are needed.

  11. Othertypes of arches

  12. Conclusion Arches are one of the oldest forms of engineering construction  and have proven their durability over centuries. Therefore, it's important for us to know about this type of construction and completely understand how they work so we can optimize its use in future designs.

  13. References • http://www.interactiveds.com.au/Publications/Conc99-ArchStructures.pdf • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/32510/arch • McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 5th edition, published by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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