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Cell Organelle DAMAGE

Cell Organelle DAMAGE. Our choices can affect our cells, tissues, organs, and bodies. Heart cell. Heart Tissue. Heart Organ. Organism – YOU!. ALCOHOL (ethanol).

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Cell Organelle DAMAGE

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  1. Cell Organelle DAMAGE

  2. Our choices can affect our cells, tissues, organs, and bodies. Heart cell Heart Tissue Heart Organ Organism – YOU!

  3. ALCOHOL (ethanol) The black dots represent cells that are dying. Alcohol interferes with the energy production in the mitochondria. If cells cannot produce enough energy, they will die and the tissue will die. At even the lowest levels of alcohol, cell death can occur. It is never safe to drink.

  4. The brain images show how alcohol may harm teen mental function. Compared with a younger, non-drinker, a 15-year-old with an alcohol problem showed poor brain activity during a memory task.

  5. Other Drugs… Amphetamines (Crystal Meth) and Ecstasy excite brain cells until they die. This obviously leads to brain damage. Both pictures: brain cells (neurons)

  6. We may not have a choice over what diseases we inherit… Disease: a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body that causes illness or sickness

  7. Pompe Disease If the lysosome does not contain a special protein to break down complex sugars (glycogen) in the muscle cells, sugars will build up in the lysosome and damage can result. Muscle cells in the heart and those used for breathing and moving are damaged by this. Effects: Headaches, inability to concentrate, cardiac or respiratory crises. Disease of the Lysosomehttp://www.agsd.org.uk//index.php

  8. Real People with Pompe Disease http://www.agsd.org.uk/images/stories/newsletterspring2008.pdf

  9. Disease of the cell membrane:Cystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis is caused by a defect in the CFTR protein in the cell membrane. This protein allows certain substances to pass through the membrane. If this is damaged, those substances cannot pass through. Cystic Fibrosis – produces unusually thick, sticky mucus that clogs lungs, leads to life-threatening lung infections, obstructs pancreas, and stops enzymes that allow body to break down and absorb food. http://www.stanford.edu/class/psych121/humangenome-CF.htm

  10. Diseases in Golgi apparatus Function of Golgi apparatus: folds, tags, & modifies proteins If the Golgi is damaged, mis-folded, abnormal proteins can collect in the cell. This is bad. Neurodegenerative disorders may result. These are diseases that involve problems with brain function and spinal cord (The spinal cord is responsible for sensations, conscious movements, and automatic functions like breathing). Problems with the Golgi apparatus may also contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599251 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/nere/2007/00000032/00000008/00009302 Golgi apparatus Normal & damaged brain cells due to Alzheimer’s disease

  11. Problems with the Nucleus If certain proteins called “lamins” in the nucleus are damaged or missing, diseases affecting the muscles, skeleton, heart, brain, and fat can result. http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/press/2003/February/030217.htm Other problems within the nucleus: DNA damage. What happens if DNA is damaged?

  12. Why does cancer (uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells) depend on DNA?WHAT IS DNA?

  13. Your assignment Science Textbook • Go to INDEX and search for “DNA” • Write down the page numbers for DNA • Read those pages and come up with at least 5 facts about DNA • Extra Credit: Use other sources to find out more about DNA, such as the Internet or other books. The more facts you write, the more credit you can receive. At least 10 good facts for e/c.

  14. How can the DNA get damaged? Radiation from microwaves, computers, X-rays (high-energy waves) or UV radiation from the sun can break DNA or cause extra bonds to form.

  15. Radiation causes the DNA to break or causes extra bonds to form. This changes the structure of the DNA and damages it. This is called a DNA mutation. But, what a minute… WHAT IS DNA? How can cancer result if DNA is damaged or mutated? Cancer: The uncontrolled growth & spread of abnormal cells.

  16. Your questions about cancer: • How does someone get cancer? • Is it contagious? • Why is it so common? • How many times can people get cancer? • Can you be born with cancer? • Can we prevent cancer? • Can you get cancer from doing drugs? • Can certain foods neutralize or prevent cancer? • Can pets get cancer? • What is the history of cancer? Who was the first to have it? How was it discovered? • Are more people getting cancer today than many years ago? Why? • Is cancer the same thing as a virus that attacks your body? • Will there ever be a simple cure? A simple vaccination? • How long does cancer take to run its course? How long does it last? • Are the cancer rates different for men and women? • Do people with weaker immune systems get cancer more easily? • Why does cancer cause pain? • Why does one’s hair fall out during chemotherapy? • Are there different types of treatment?

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