Wilson Patton and Will Downey

1. Wilson Patton and Will Downey Religionand Reform from1815 to 1858 in America

2. Temperance • Is the moderation or self-restraint in action or statement. • In this case, it is mostly the moderation and self-control when dealing with alcohol. • The people in this movement were against alcohol because husbands were being abusive to their wife and kids.

3. The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance • The AST was established in 1826 in Boston, MA. • Within five years there were 170,000 members and within ten years there were 1,500,000 members. • This society contributed to promoting the abolition of slavery and expanding women’s rights. • The ATS was the first U.S. social movement organization to mobilize massive and national support for a specific reform cause.

4. Lyman Beecher • Was the first great practitioner of the new evangelical Calvinism. He helped promote a series of revivals in the Congregational churches of New England. • He was a very controversial person. He was a huge leader in the moral movement of temperance. One of his famous quotes is: ““No great advance has been made in science, politics, or religion without controversy.”

5. Catherine Beecher • Catharine Beecher was a nineteenth century proponent of women's rights and education for women • Created the Hartford Female Seminary, making it one of the first major educational institutions for women in the U.S. • This helped promote women to play a bigger role in society.

6. Religious Tensions • The Protestants and the Catholics had very different backgrounds and beliefs. • The Protestants, who were in favor of the Temperance movement, were aggravated by the Catholics, most of whom were Irish, that drank.. This, along with having to move in and live with each other, was the main reason that they had so many tensions.

7. Immigration in General • From 1820-1860 the U.S. population grew from 10 million to 31 million. • The population figure in 1850’s was 2.3 million. • These Included people from many different backgrounds. • The majority of the Catholics migrated from Ireland. • The majority of the Protestants migrated from Scotland.

8. Second Great Awakening • Began around 1800 • Denominations • Methodist • Baptist • Presbyterian • Lutheran • Unitarian • Deism • Subjects of Social Reform • Abolition • Temperance • The Cult of Domesticity • Utopian Communities search.creativecommons.org/

9. Second Great Awakening: Beliefs and Ideals • “Ever since Constantine the Great had made Christianity the established religion of Roman Empire, the… Now, the Americans undertook to experiment with their separation: Religion would be purely voluntary” (Howe 165) • Contradict the Established Church • People can achieve salvation through faith and conversion (no predestination) • God loves all equally- no hierarchy on God’s eyes • All human spirits are equal • Evangelism • Every convert is told to go and preach to family and friends, spreading the new ideals

10. Second Great Awakening: People and Events • Camp meetings • Spontaneous, emotional meeting • Allowed many people, especially in the rural South, to get married, baptized, or have a highly spiritual experience without having to travel far (it was hard to keep a local church running with an ordained minister) • Circuit Rider • Preachers sent out by Methodist in the hopes of preaching to rural communities • Burned Over District • Rochester NY the heart • Filled to the brim with revivals Credit: http://www.gcah.org/site/c.ghKJI0PHIoE/b.4980699/

11. Second Great Awakening: People and Events • Charles Finney • Presbyterian evangelist • “Finney broke with his church’s traditional belief that it was God’s inscrutable will that decided who would be saved” (Brands 317) • Most successful in Rochester, New York • Started “inquiry room”- a special place for people coming to Christ • Started “anxious bench”- place for those who to talk about struggles of conversion

12. Charles Finney: Source: http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Charles_Grandison_Finney

13. Second Great Awakening: People and Events • Lyman Beecher (mentioned later is slide show) • Preached that God’s love is universal and the Christ saves not matter class, race, nation, or sex • Made a point of separation of church and state helping religion; “By voluntary efforts, societies, missions, and revivals they (ministers) exert a deeper influence than ever they could by ques, and shoe-buckles, and cocked hats , and gold headed canes” (Howe 165) • Involved in abolition, temperance, and mostly anything considered a social sin

14. Abolitionism • “By stressing the moral imperative to end sinful practices and each person's responsibility to uphold God's will in society, preachers like Lyman Beecher, Nathaniel Taylor, and Charles G. Finney…led massive religious revivals in the 1820s that gave a major impetus to the later emergence of abolitionism” (Abolitionist Movement) • Inspiration • The movement for equality in race, nationality, and gender lead to the inspiration of many like William Lloyd Garrison who begin to lobby for the immediate end of slavery, “immediate emancipation”

15. African American Revival Source: http://www.wolfkiller.net/Abolitionists/index.htm

16. Abolition: A Few of the Important Figures • William Lloyd Garrison • Started The Liberator, a newspaper focusing on issues of slavery and largely supported by free blacks • Fredrick Douglass • One time fugitive slave who became ardent abolitionist in 1840s • Wrote autobiography while also giving many orations about the moral injustices of slavery • American Anti-Slavery Society • Founded by people of both races and genders • Stated that slavery was a moral wrong that needed to be abolished immediately but non-violently • Disagreed on gradual vs. immediate abolition with American Colonization Society • American Colonization Society • Lobbied for African American emigration and elective, gradual emancipation

17. Bibliography • Brands, et al. American Stories. Upper Saddle RIver: Pearson Education, 2009. Print. • "Abolitionist Movement." Afgen. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2010.      <http://afgen.com/abmovement.html>. • AP United States History 2007 Scoring Guideliens. N.p.: The College Board, 2007.      N. pag. Print. • Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought. New York City: Oxford University      Press, 2007. MyiLibrary. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://lib.myilibrary.com/      Open.aspx?id=227069&src=2>.