The Self and Interaction Chapter 5

1. The Self and InteractionChapter 5

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQMB5teKf7M&NR=1 Free hugs Social Interaction

3. Howdo we create reality in our face-to-face interactions?

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0BBgVCAxg0 String experiment SOCIAL INTERACTION

5. SOCIAL INTERACTION • Process by which people act and react in relation to others • STATUS • Social position • STATUS SET • All statuses a person holds SOCIAL STRUCTURE: A GUIDE TO EVERYDAY LIVING

6. Ascribed Status • Received at birth • Taken on involuntarily later Achieved Status • Voluntary Ascribed statuses ->Achieved statuses Ascribed and Achieved Status

7. Ascribed Status—Born Rich

8. Ascribed Status--Gender

9. Ascribed Status--Gender

10. Achieved Status

11. Master Status Special importance for Social Identity • Negative or positive • Gender • Athlete • Nerd • Criminal

12. Behavior expected of someone who Holds a particular status • Person holds a status • Who we are • Person performs a role • What we do Role

13. Performing a Role

14. Role Set Roles attached to a single status

15. Role Set: Student Status

16. Role Conflict • Conflict among roles connected to two or more statuses (student, job, athlete) • Role Strain • Tension among roles connected to single status (student) Role Conflict and Role Strain

17. Statuses • Student • Athlete • Job Conflicts • Time • Importance • Enjoyment • Expectations Role Conflict

18. Role Strain: Student Status Tension among roles connected to a single status

19. Process:People disengage from social roles • Becoming an “ex” • Graduating • Retirement • Widow • Divorce • Changing jobs Role Exit

20. Status Set and Role SetsA status set includes all the statuses a person holds at a given time. The status set defines “who we are” in society. The many roles linked to each status define “what we do.”

21. Process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction • Social interaction is: • Complex • Involves Negotiation • Builds reality • Perception of events based on interests and intentions Social Construction of Reality

22. “Situations that are defined as realare realin their consequences.” The Thomas Theorem

23. Defining Situations

24. Defining situations

25. Definition of the Situation

26. Definition of the Situation

27. Defining Situations

28. SHARED DEFINITION OF THE SITUATION

29. Study of: The way people make sense of everyday life • Behavior based on assumptions • “Breaching experiments” Ethnomethodology

30. Taking items from others’ shopping carts • Standingvery, very close • Tipping person who opens door for you • Eating with fingers in fancy restaurant Breaching Experiments

31. How we act & what we see depends on: • Our interests • Social class • Gender • Race/ethnicity • Culture Reality Building: Class and Culture

32. What do you see?

33. Study of: • Social interaction as a theatrical performance Erving Goffman (1922-1982) DRAMATURGICAL ANALYSIS: THE PRESENTATION OF SELF

34. THE PRESENTATION OF SELF • Impression Management • Efforts to create specificimpressionsin others’ minds

35. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ld14ZG2mzNM Phony Phone Call IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT

36. PRESENTATION OF SELF(IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT)

37. Reveal information: • Consciously & Unconsciously • Dress (costume) • Objects we carry (props) • Tone of voice and way we carry ourselves (demeanor) • Influenced by context (the set) Performances

38. Communication using: • Body movements • Gestures • Facial expressions Nonverbal Communication“Body Language”

39. 3/7 Body Language

40. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9YTxff3pHU&feature=more_relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9YTxff3pHU&feature=more_related Learning body language Video

41. Process of learning: • Values • Beliefs • Norms • of a social group • Begins in infancy • Lasts throughout lifetime The Process of Socialization

42. The selfis our identity • Who we are • Separate and different from others • Self is created and modified • Through social interaction • Socialization process Development of the Self

43. Charles Horton Cooley’s Looking Glass Self Product of our interactions with others Develop a self-identity: 1. Imagine how we present ourselves to others 2. Imagine how others evaluate us 3. Develop feeling about ourselves

44. George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) • Influential-> Symbolic Interactionism • Self: Two parts Iand Me • I=Spontaneous, Creative, and Impulsive • Me=Socialized, Aware of others’ perceptions, Controls impulses

45. Role-taking:Imagine what others think and feel • Generalized Other • Imagine roles of others • Assume several roles simultaneously • Reference for evaluating ourselves • Significant Other • People with special importance for our socialization • Approval very important George Herbert Mead

46. Preparatory Stage (0 - 3 yrs.) • Imitate behavior of others • Play Stage (3 - 5 yrs.) • Play roles of individual others • Game Stage (Early school years) • Take several roles simultaneously • Take role of generalized other Mead:Stages in Development of ‘Self’

47. Lifelong social process by which individuals: • Develop human potential and • Learn culture Socialization

48. 4 Agents of Socialization • Family • Schools • Peers • Mass media

49. Basics of taking care of self • Language and communication skills • Norms • Social skills • Develop self Agents of Socialization: Family

50. Knowledge, skills, and social roles • Hidden curriculum: • Punctuality • Neatness • Discipline • Hard work • Competition • Obedience Agents of Socialization: Schools