Unit 8

1. Unit 8 Animals

2. Objectives • Know the main characteristics of animals • Know the difference between invertebrate and vertebrates • Know examples and characteristics of the 8 invertebrate phylum • Know the main characteristics of the 5 vertebrate classes • Know the difference between endotherm and ectotherm • Know what fertilization and development are • Know complete and incomplete metamorphosis

3. Animals • Main Characteristics • multi-cellular • eukaryotic (nucleus) • no cell wall • move on their own • consumers

4. Invertebrates Invertebrates are animals without a backbone. hydra There are 8 invertebrate phyla. leech sponge Sea anemone

5. 8 Phyla • Sponges • Cnidarians (Coelenterates) • Flatworms • Round worms • Segmented worms • Mollusks • Arthropods • Echinoderms Invertebrates

6. osculum Sponges • Many pores • Move slowly • No gut, no nerves • Reproduce asexually by budding • Regenerate (replace body parts) Eating: - Water enters pores - collar cells filter food - water is removed by osculum (hole)

7. Hydra reproduce asexually by budding jellyfish Sea anemone Coral (live in colonies) Cnidarians • Tentacles with stinging cells (nematocysts) • 2 cell layers thick • Gut for digesting food • Nerve net hydra

8. eyespots sensory lobes Planaria can regenerate tapeworm fluke Flatworm Draw the head of the planaria. Label the following parts: • Very thin, flat body • Eyespots • 3 cell layers thick • Sensory lobes to detect food • Some are parasites • Nerves

9. heartworm Ascaris pinworm hookworm Trichinella- found in uncooked pork Roundworm • Round, smooth body • 2 body openings • Primative brain • Parallel nerve cords • Parasites

10. mussel clam: two shells (bivalve) Mollusks slug: no shell • Most have a soft body with a hard shell • Have a mantle: tissue that produces shell. • Have a foot: used to move snail: one shell squid octopus cephalopods: head-footed

11. leech earthworm clitellum (helps with reproduction) Annelids (Segmented worms) • Body has segments • Have a coelom (body cavity for organs) • 2 body openings • Circulatory system, brain and nerve cord

12. shrimp tick grasshopper Crustacean Arachnids Insect • Jointed limbs • Body in segments (head, thorax & abdomen) • Exoskeleton(external skeleton for protection) • Compound eye Arthropods Insect millipede Centipede & Millipede crab Crustacean bee

13. lobster (Crustacean) ladybug (Insect) butterfly (Insect) spider (Arachnids) centipede (Centipedes & Millipedes)

14. Tube feet Echinoderms starfish sand dollar • Spiny-skinned • Endoskeleton (internal skeleton) • Tube feet • Simple nervous system • Simple eye that senses light brittle star sea cucumber sea urchin

15. Chordates Vertebrates are animals with a backbone. There are five classes of animals in the Chordate Phylum. Amphibians Bony Fish Reptiles Mammals Birds

16. Endotherms Warm-blooded Body temperature remains constant regardless of their surroundings Birds Mammals Ectotherms Cold-blooded Body temperature can change slightly with the surroundings Bony Fish Amphibians Reptiles

17. Fertilization The union (joining) of egg and sperm. Can be: Internal – inside the body External – outside the body Development The growth of a new organism before birth. Internal – inside the body External – outside the body http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/ECC2/html/fertilization.html

18. Main Characteristics: Ectotherms Use gills to breathe Live in water Covered with scales Sexual Reproduction: Lay soft eggs in water External fertilization External development salmon trout catfish Bony Fish

19. Main Characteristics: Ectotherms Breathe with gills then lungs Live in water then land Breathe through moist skin Sexual Reproduction: Lay soft eggs in water External fertilization External development newt toad salamander frog Amphibians

20. Main Characteristics: Ectotherms Breathe with lungs Live in water or land Covered with dry scaly skin or shell Shed skin to grow Sexual Reproduction: Lay hard shell eggs on land Internal fertilization External development snake crocodile lizard lizard turtle Reptiles

21. Main Characteristics: Endotherms Use lungs to breathe Live in water, land, or air Covered with feathers Have wings Sexual Reproduction: Lay hard shell eggs on land Internal fertilization External development condor Birds

22. Main Characteristics: Endotherms Breathe with lungs Live in water or on land Covered with hair or fur Sexual Reproduction: Born alive Internal fertilization Internal development Mammals

23. Incomplete Metamorphosis 3 stages: - egg - nymph - adult Nymph looks like the adult. Complete Metamorphosis 4 stages: - egg - larva - pupa - adult Larva looks different than the adult. Metamorphosis The process of an animal changing forms from an embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.

24. Incomplete Metamorphosis 3 stages: - egg - nymph - adult Nymph looks like the adult. Complete Metamorphosis 4 stages: - egg - larva - pupa - adult Larva looks different than the adult. Metamorphosis The process of an animal changing forms from an embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.

25. Butterfly Life Cycle Complete Adult Eggs Pupa Larva Click here to return to notes

26. Young frog Adult frog Tadpole frog Frog Life Cycle Complete Metamorphosis • Tadpoles: • Live in water • Use gills • Have a tail • Adult frogs: • Live on land • Use lungs • Have legs Tadpole Egg Egg mass Click here to return to notes

27. Grasshopper Life Cycle Incomplete Adult Nymph Eggs Click here to return to notes

28. Incomplete Metamorphosis 3 stages: - egg - nymph - adult Nymph looks like the adult. Complete Metamorphosis 4 stages: - egg - larva - pupa - adult Larva looks different than the adult. Metamorphosis The process of an animal changing forms from an embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.