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THE WEATHER ENTERPRISE Part 1 Dr. Sam Miller Weather & Climate – MTDI 1200OL

Explore the hot seat of meteorological analysis, learning to interpret data, use models, and communicate findings under pressure. Discover how AWIPS integrates countless sources to enhance forecasting. Dive into coded observational reports and automated weather data. Uncover the world of upper air stations with radiosondes and thermodynamic diagrams. Join the journey of understanding weather complexity and forecasting accuracy.

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THE WEATHER ENTERPRISE Part 1 Dr. Sam Miller Weather & Climate – MTDI 1200OL

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  1. THE WEATHER ENTERPRISE Part 1 Dr. Sam Miller Weather & Climate – MTDI 1200OL Plymouth State University 1

  2. The Hot Seat

  3. To sit in this seat: • You must understand meteorological theory • You must be able to apply this theory to draw conclusions about the real atmosphere • You must be able to communicate your conclusions to non-meteorologists in language they will understand • You must be able to do this under incredible pressure and time constraints

  4. This means: • Quickly interpreting many kinds of observational data • Use of analyses of many kinds • Use of numerical aids, such as mathematical models • A constantly evolving 3-D image of atmosphere • SITUATIONAL AWARENESS • Cooperating with other scientists doing the same thing

  5. ADVANCED WEATHER INFORMATIONPROCESSING SYSTEM (AWIPS) The Hot Seat

  6. AWIPS helps integrate: • Observations from many different sources • Analyses of all kinds • Model (numerical) forecasts • Forecasts written by other meteorologists

  7. Observations

  8. SURFACE STATIONS ASOSAutomated Surface Observing System AWOSAutomated Weather Observing System

  9. SURFACE STATIONS ASOSAutomated Surface Observing System AWOSAutomated Weather Observing System National Weather Service Federal Aviation Administration

  10. SURFACE STATIONS ASOSAutomated Surface Observing System AWOSAutomated Weather Observing System BOTH TYPES RECORD: Temperature Dew point (humidity) Wind direction & speed Barometric pressure Height of cloud bases Amount of cloud cover (estimated, below 10,000’) Horizontal visibility Precipitation type Precipitation intensity Thunder & lightning

  11. SURFACE STATIONS ASOSAutomated Surface Observing System AWOSAutomated Weather Observing System OBSERVATIONS ARE REPORTED IN CODED FORM CALLED “METAR” METARS ARE GENERATED EITHER HOURLY OR ONCE EVERY 20 MINUTES

  12. SURFACE STATIONS ASOSAutomated Surface Observing System AWOSAutomated Weather Observing System SOME NEARBY STATIONS: Plymouth Municipal Airport (K1P1) Laconia (KLCI) Concord (KCON) Berlin (KBML) Whitefield (KHIE) Lebanon (KLEB) Sherbrook, Quebec (CYSC)

  13. SURFACE STATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA

  14. SURFACE STATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA All stations are assigned an International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) identifier

  15. SURFACE STATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA Alaska (PAXX)

  16. SURFACE STATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA Canada (CYXX or CWXX)

  17. SURFACE STATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA CONUS (KXXX)

  18. SURFACE STATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA Mexico (MXXX)

  19. AUTOMATED MARINE NETWORK

  20. AUTOMATED MARINE NETWORK GoMOOS - 44034 NDBC - 44007 NDBC - 44005

  21. AUTOMATED MARINE NETWORK CMAN - IOSN3 CMAN - MDRM1

  22. SHIPS, AIRCRAFT

  23. DATA FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SURFACESTATION ICAO METAR

  24. DATA FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SURFACESTATION DECODED

  25. DATA FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SURFACESTATION TIME IS REFERENCED TO GREENWICH, ENGLAND (UTC; GMT; Z)

  26. DATA FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SURFACESTATION EDT = GMT - 4 EST = GMT - 5

  27. DATA FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SURFACESTATION TIME SERIES PLOTS

  28. DATA FROM MANY SURFACESTATIONS COMBINED

  29. DATA FROM MANY SURFACESTATIONS COMBINED STATION PLOT MODEL

  30. DATA FROM MANY SURFACESTATIONS COMBINED STATION PLOT MODEL Temp Pres Dew Cloud cover

  31. DATA FROM MANY SURFACESTATIONS COMBINED TIMES REFERENCED IN ZULU (GREENWICH)

  32. DATA FROM MANY SURFACESTATIONS COMBINED

  33. DATA FROM MANY SURFACESTATIONS COMBINED Sea-level pressure (isobaric) analysis applied to the observed pressure data

  34. DATA FROM MANY SURFACESTATIONS COMBINED Observations removed, leaving only the isobaric analysis

  35. DATA FROM MANY SURFACESTATIONS COMBINED

  36. DATA FROM MANY SURFACESTATIONS COMBINED Animation of several surface charts with radar data (reflectivity) and frontal analysis added

  37. DATA FROM MANY SURFACESTATIONS COMBINED Pretty color version with radar and satellite data added and surface observations removed (what we usually show the “civilians”)

  38. Surface observations provide frequent updates of conditions at many locations on the Earth’s surface • The atmosphere is driven by forces that occur in three spatial dimensions • Need measurements in the vertical dimension

  39. WEATHER BALLOONS

  40. WEATHER BALLOONS FILLED WITH HELIUM OR HYDROGEN TRACKED BY RADIO DISH GPS ENABLED

  41. WEATHER BALLOONS CARRIES AN INSTRUMENT PACKAGE CALLED A RADIOSONDE: Temperature Dew point (humidity) Wind direction & speed Barometric pressure Latitude and longitude Elevation

  42. WEATHER BALLOONS RADIO TRACKING ANTENNA AUTOMATIC DATA RECORDER AND PROCESSOR

  43. WEATHER BALLOONS OBSERVATIONS ARE REPORTED IN CODED FORM CALLED “RAWINSONDE REPORTS”

  44. UPPER AIR STATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA

  45. UPPER AIR STATIONS WORLDWIDE

  46. UPPER AIR STATIONS WORLDWIDE RADIOSONDES ARE LAUNCHED TWICE DAILY FROM SEVERAL HUNDRED SITES WORLDWIDE

  47. UPPER AIR STATIONS WORLDWIDE 0000 UTC = 7:00 PM EST (8:00 PM EDT) 1200 UTC = 7:00 AM EST (8:00 AM EDT)

  48. DATA FROM AN INDIVIDUAL BALLOON LAUNCH PLOTTED ON A THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAM

  49. DATA FROM AN INDIVIDUAL BALLOON LAUNCH PROVIDES OBSERVATION OF TROPOSPHERE AND LOWER STRATOSPHERE

  50. DATA FROM AN INDIVIDUAL BALLOON LAUNCH ROCKETS NEEDED FOR HIGHER ALTITUDE OBSERVATIONS

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