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453 History of English

453 History of English. Chapter 1. Whaddya Think?. How old is language? How did it develop? Issues with origination theories?. Duality of patterning. Meaningful Vocabulary (AKA Lexis // Lexicon) Grammatical System (AKA Morphosyntax) Meaningless Sound System (AKA Phonology).

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453 History of English

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  1. 453 History of English Chapter 1

  2. Whaddya Think? • How old is language? • How did it develop? • Issues with origination theories?

  3. Duality of patterning • Meaningful • Vocabulary (AKA Lexis // Lexicon) • Grammatical System (AKA Morphosyntax) • Meaningless • Sound System (AKA Phonology)

  4. Systematicness of Language Phonology Syntax Lexis Predictable Unpredictable

  5. Grammatical Signals • Part of speech • Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, etc. • Affix • Prefix, suffix  Inflectional, derivational • Agreement • Word order • Function words • Prosodic signals • Pitch, stress, tone, tempo…

  6. Whaddya Think? • Which denote “good” English? • Pure, correct, aesthetic, commonly used, prestigious, literary, appropriate…

  7. Morphemes • Smallest linguistic sign • Bound • Free • Allomorphs • Base + affix • Compound • Idiom (AKA phrasal verb)

  8. Allomorph: The Plural Suffix • Orthography: -s or -es • Phonetic: [-s], [-z] or [-z] • Sort the following phonetically: • Ace, almanac, bag, book, burlesque. Church, cough, cup, dish, dress, fall, graph, hat, house, hunch, judge, lad, lash, lathe, maze, moor, myth, oaf, pillow, room, tax, thing, train, wisp

  9. Red eye Cheap Whiskey Long shot A kind of bet Big head Conceited Red eye Bloodshot eye Long shot Great shot-put effort Big head Large skull Distinguishable Pairs?

  10. New Jersey The state Old maid Spinster Little woman Wife Long Island The place New jersey Just bought blouse Old maid Elderly servant Little woman Small female Long island Any elongated isle How about these? Any difference between this slide’s pairs and the last set?

  11. Speech vs. Orthography • Did he believe Caesar could see the people seize the seas? • Did he believe Caesar could see the people seize the seas? • Did he believe Caesar could see the people seize the seas? • Now you try: • The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine

  12. Oral Ambiguity? • He came to. • He came too. • She found a pear. • She found a pair. • The math department is teaching plane geometry • The math department is teaching plain geometry • The directions read: “Leave address with her” • The directions read: “Leave a dress with her”

  13. Speech & Writing • “Speech is primary & writing secondary” • Write it down… • Translation≠ Transliteration • Homonyms: a lot alike • Homophones • Homographs

  14. Language Change • Systematic • Associative • Social

  15. Language Variation • Diachronic • Synchronic • Dialect • Idiolect • Register

  16. On Linguistic Corruption… • Prescriptive vs. descriptive • Acceptability

  17. Periods of English • Old English • 450 – 1100 • Beowulf • Middle English • 1100-1500 • Chaucer • Modern English • 1500 – Present • Shakespeare

  18. Exercises Interesting Stuff

  19. Say it this way… • “He’s a very enthusiastic person” • Just the fact… • I like him. His enthusiasm is great. • I don’t like him. His enthusiasm is annoying. • I am reluctant to describe him. • I mean him, not her. • I’m asking you, not telling you. • Is that what you said? I don’t think so. • Enthusiasm is the only good thing about him.

  20. Ambiguity • Old men and women abandon ship first • They went by the old highway • He painted the picture in the hall • The girl asked him to leave quietly • She gave him an order to leave

  21. Discussion Questions • What is the function of a dictionary? • Misconceptions & errors about language? • Is thought ‘unexpressed language” or not?

  22. Workbook Exercises • 1.5 The Sound System 1-3 • 1.7 Noun Classes All • 1.8 Function Words All • 1.10 Related Sentences #1: All #2 – 5: two each • 1.11 Morphemes All • 1.12 Different Systems All • 1.13 Echoic Words All • 1.14 Language Change 1-7 • 1.16 Usage & the Dictionary #2: All • 1.18 Using the OED 1-6

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