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The Black Death

The Black Death. 1347 - 1351. The Culprits. Causes. Population increase mainly in cities Heavily dependent on farming Climate – Rain ruined crops 1315 -17 Famine led to susceptibility to diseases (up to 15% of population died in some places) - People became weaker

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The Black Death

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  1. The Black Death 1347 - 1351

  2. The Culprits

  3. Causes • Population increase mainly in cities • Heavily dependent on farming • Climate – Rain ruined crops 1315 -17 • Famine led to susceptibility to diseases (up to 15% of population died in some places) - People became weaker • Bacteria Yersinia Pestis found in rats – ingested by fleas – given back to rats

  4. The Disease Cycle Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Human is infected! Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria.

  5. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!

  6. The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemic Form:almost 100% mortality rate.

  7. From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411

  8. Lancing a Buboe

  9. Medieval Art & the Plague

  10. Medieval Art & the Plague Bring out your dead!

  11. Reaction to the Plague • Blamed Miasmas, or Corrupt Air • Fires to ward off the bad air • Scents in their pocket • Nothing to open pores(bathing, exercising) • Bloodletting (using leeches to drain blood) • Brotherhood of the Flagellants • Blamed the Jews

  12. Attempts to Stop the Plague “Leeching” A Doctor’s Robe

  13. Attempts to Stop the Plague Flagellanti:Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!

  14. Medieval Art & the Plague An obsession with death.

  15. Boccaccio in The Decameron The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.

  16. The Danse Macabre

  17. Death Triumphant !:A Major Artistic Theme

  18. Effects of the Black Plague • 1. Economic • Work force is dead • Many farms are no longer • Fewer goods = higher prices (but not food) 2. Medicine - Better schools focused on clinical medicine, not superstition 3. Better Education

  19. Effects (continued) • 4. Faith • Questioned the church b/c of suffering • Priest/Doctors held huge parties to celebrate life • Jews were blamed • Many killed and/or property destroyed • Many also survived b/c they were isolated from the Christians

  20. A Little Macabre Ditty “A sickly season,” the merchant said,“The town I left was filled with dead,and everywhere these queer red fliescrawled upon the corpses’ eyes,eating them away.”“Fair make you sick,” the merchant said,“They crawled upon the wine and bread.Pale priests with oil and books,bulging eyes and crazy looks,dropping like the flies.”

  21. A Little Macabre Ditty (2) “I had to laugh,” the merchant said,“The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled;“And proved through solemn disputation“The cause lay in some constellation.“Then they began to die.”“First they sneezed,” the merchant said,“And then they turned the brightest red,Begged for water, then fell back.With bulging eyes and face turned black,they waited for the flies.”

  22. A Little Macabre Ditty (3) “I came away,” the merchant said,“You can’t do business with the dead.“So I’ve come here to ply my trade.“You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…” And then hesneezed……….!

  23. The Mortality Rate 35% - 70% 25,000,000 dead !!!

  24. What were thepolitical,economic,and social effectsof the Black Death??

  25. The Famine of 1315-1317 • By 1300, Europeans were farming almost all the land they could cultivate. • A population crisis developed. • Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain. • As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died. • One consequence ofstarvation & povertywas susceptibility todisease.

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