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South Asia

South Asia. Overview. Called “Indian sub-continent” Indian plate moving up into the Eurasian plate Rate of 3-4 inches per year for 1200 miles Himalayas on north Mt. Everest (highest in world: 5.5 miles high!) Grows about 2.5 centimeters in height every year Desert and steppe to west

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South Asia

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  1. South Asia

  2. Overview • Called “Indian sub-continent” • Indian plate moving up into the Eurasian plate • Rate of 3-4 inches per year for 1200 miles • Himalayas on north • Mt. Everest (highest in world: 5.5 miles high!) • Grows about 2.5 centimeters in height every year • Desert and steppe to west • Elevated plains on south • Slopes downward from west to east

  3. Sir George Everest was first to record height and location • Sir Edmund Hillary was first to climb: 1953

  4. Sir Edmund Hillary Tenzing Norgay

  5. Sherpa Dangerous… • Summited by about 100 people per year • Roughly 10% die each year • About 120 corpses are still on mountain!

  6. Monsoons • Warm and rainy in summer • >400 inches per year • Regular floods • Dry and warm in winter • Deserts are not in monsoon airflow • Tropical climate to east and south • Cyclones in Bay of Bengal

  7. Colonialism • Trade brought Portuguese, Dutch, French & British • Looking for goods not in Europe: spices • French and British take India • 1858: war gives subcontinent to UK • “Crown Jewel of British Empire” • 1947: UK gives India independence • Makes Pakistan (w/Bangladesh) = Muslim India = Hindu • 1971: Pakistan and Bangladesh split

  8. Colonial British India

  9. Release ofCeylon and Burma

  10. The Partition of India:India andPakistan (1947)

  11. Separation ofPakistanandBangladesh (1971)

  12. Regional Problems • Overpopulation • Little resources • Environmental: Erosion, salinization, pollution • Nuclear arms race between India and Pak. • Both have nukes, threaten each other • Kashmir: Control being fought over by India and Pakistan • Religious fighting between Muslims and Hindus in western India • Bus and train attacks; hotel attacks in Mumbai

  13. India • 1.1 billion people (2nd largest in world) • 80% Hindu; 14% Muslim • ¾ live in rural villages • ⅓ live along Ganges River • Former part of Britain • Calcutta and Delhi = capitals • Mohandas Gandhi = Hindu leader • Non-violent resistance help end British rule • Mother Teresa

  14. British Influence • Built railroads, roads, ports • English official language of government and business • Lots of trade with West • Separation of Muslims and Hindus • Strange fact: India is the world’s leader in movie production • Bollywood!

  15. Caste System • Formal organization of society • 4 levels • Brahmin: religious leaders • Kshatriyas: military officers, government, scholars • Vaishyas: businessmen, farmers, merchants • Sudras: laborers, peasants • Untouchables: subclass of Sudras; unclean, did dirty work; no one can interact with them • Everyone is born into a caste based on past life; nearly impossible to move out • Technically illegal in India; still used in rural areas

  16. Pakistan • Created in 1947 • Britain divided greater India into 2 countries to separate the Muslims and Hindus: • India: Hindu • West Pakistan: Muslim • East Pakistan: Muslim (now Bangladesh) • Mountains on north: K2 (second tallest) • Large deserts in west and east • Indus River Valley: water from mountains

  17. Release ofCeylon and Burma

  18. The Partition of India:India andPakistan (1947)

  19. Separation ofPakistanandBangladesh (1971)

  20. People • Government and laws based on Islamic law • Has had a lot of political and economic instability over the past several decades • Helping US with war on terror • Arresting and holding al-Qaeda • Try to stop escape through passes

  21. Population: 164 million • ¼ live in cities • 95% Muslim (second largest Muslim country) • Many languages (including English) • Very fast growing population Kashmir Region • Pakistan wanted control after 1947 • Populated mainly by Hindus from India • Caused lots of fighting between Muslims and Hindus

  22. Nepal • Constitutional monarchy • Problems with Maoist rebels… • Mainly Hindu and Buddhist • Only official Hindu state in the world • Home to Mt. Everest • Brings in tourism $$ from climbers • Problems: • Pollution • Harm mountain’s ecosystem/environment • Sherpas are Nepalese expert climbers who lead expeditions up Everest

  23. Current problem: • Maoists from China attacking government structure, wanting to bring down monarchy and democratic government • Want to install a “Communist republic” • 2001: 10 members of royal family killed in by crown prince • King’s brother now king • 2005: Suspended parliament and elections; cease-fire declared with Maoists • 2006: King gave up absolute power, reinstated Parliament • VERY poor: >½ people below poverty line

  24. Bhutan • Constitutional monarchy • Tibetan Buddhist • Very isolated from outside world • “Happy”; Content with their situation and lifestyle • Works with India on any foreign issues • Home to the tallest unclimbed mountain in the world • Mountain climbing and smoking in public is banned; TV broadcasts started in 1999

  25. Bangladesh • Surrounded by India • Islam • Population: 150 million in space size of Iowa • 7th largest country in world • Expected to double by 2025 • Covered by the Ganges Delta • Floods all the time • Very flat • Also deal with storm surges from cyclones in Bay of Bengal • 1991: 20 feet high - 130,000 killed

  26. Also: Ferry disasters happen all the time • Overloaded; flip; people drown

  27. Sri Lanka • Main export: Tea (#1); textiles and garments • Used to be a British colony; Ceylon Problem • Settled by two different ethnic groups: Tamils and Sinhalese • The Sinhalese are in control of the gov’t • Socialist; Rebel group = “Tamil Tigers” • Fighting over control of island • Tamils want independence

  28. Maldives • 1200 islands • 26 atolls • 200 islands are inhabited (80 have tourist resorts) • Population: 320,000 • Sunni Muslim • Its highest point is 7.8 feet above sea level!! • 80% is < 3 feet above sea level • Only115 square miles! • Cobb County: 340 square miles

  29. 10% of land is used for agriculture • 90% of taxes came from airport duties and tourist related taxes Wacky facts: • 21,000 phones (1,290 cell phones) • 35,000 radios (1 AM, 1 FM, 1 shortwave station) • 10,000 TVs (1 station) • 6,000 internet users (1 ISP = .mv) • 5 airports FYI – No Notes

  30. Fighting in Ayodhya over Muslim mosque site • Hindus want it: where Rama was born • Hindus tore it down to build a temple in 1992 • Fighting killed hundreds • Train burned by Muslims in Feb 2002 in Ahmedabad; killed 58 Hindus FYI – No Notes

  31. FYI – No Notes

  32. FYI – No Notes

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