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Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy

Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. Ch.16. Why is energy efficiency an important energy resource? . Improving energy efficiency can save the world at least a 1/3 rd of the energy it uses, and it can save the U.S. up to 43% of the energy it uses. . How do we get our power? .

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Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy

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  1. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Ch.16

  2. Why is energy efficiency an important energy resource? Improving energy efficiency can save the world at least a 1/3rd of the energy it uses, and it can save the U.S. up to 43% of the energy it uses.

  3. How do we get our power? CURRENT MEANS: via centralized power system and existing grid

  4. How do we get our power? FUTURE MEANS: via decentralized power systems and grid revision - need gov’t aid in upstarting - Advantages - Low emissions - Use local available renewable energy sources - Reliable

  5. Doing more with less Energy Efficiency – Percentage of total energy input into an energy conversion device or system that • Does useful work and • Is not converted into low-quality heat

  6. Energy Inputs System Outputs Importance of Improving Energy Efficiency84% of energy in US is wasted! 9% 7% 41% 85% U. S. economy 43% 8% 4% 3% Nonrenewable fossil fuels Useful energy Petrochemicals Nonrenewable nuclear Unavoidable energy waste Hydropower, geothermal, wind, solar Unnecessary energy waste Biomass Fig. 16-2, p. 399

  7. 43% unnecessarily wasted Four widely used devices that waste energy • Incandescent light bulb • Motor vehicle with internal combustion engine • Nuclear power plant • Coal-fired power plant Also: houses & cars

  8. Energy use of various types of transportation www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

  9. The Importance of Improving Energy Efficiency • Lower Life Cycle Costs • Initial cost plus lifetime operating cost • Net Energy Efficiency • Total amount of useful energy available minus the amount of energy used/wasted • Used (1st Law of Thermodynamics) • Automatically Wasted (2nd Law of Thermodynamics • Unnecessarily wasted (this is what needs to be conserved)

  10. Efficiencies (fig. 16-4 p. 382)

  11. Uranium mining (95%) Uranium processing and transportation (57%) Power plant (31%) Transmission of electricity (85%) Resistance heating (100%) Uranium 100% 14% 14% 17% 95% 54% Waste heat Waste heat Waste heat Waste heat Electricity from Nuclear Power Plant Sunlight 100% 90% Waste heat Passive Solar Energy Efficiency

  12. Could we save energy by recycling energy? NO! - 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

  13. How Can We Reduce Energy Waste? In Our Homes Industry Cogeneration Efficient Electric Motors Recycling Materials High Efficiency Lighting (LEDs) Increased Fuel Economy • Insulation • Eliminate Air Leaks • Clean Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers

  14. How Can We Reduce Energy Waste? Utility Companies: Switch from promote use to promote energyefficiency - spurred by state utility commissions

  15. How Can We Reduce Energy Waste? Smarter Electrical Grid • Ultra-high-voltage • Super-efficient transmission lines • Controlled digitally • Responds to local changes in demand/supply • Two-way flow of energy & info • Smart meters show consumers how much energy each appliance uses • U.S cost -- $200-$800 billion; save $100 billion/year

  16. Proposed U.S. Smart Grid Figure 20, Supplement 8

  17. How Can We Reduce Energy Waste? Saving energy in existing buildings About one-third of the heated air in typical U.S. homes and buildings escapes through closed windows and holes and cracks.

  18. A Green Roof in Chicago Fig. 16-8, p. 405

  19. Attic • Hang reflective foil near roof to reflect heat. • Use house fan. • Be sure attic insulation is at least 30 centimeters (12 inches). Bathroom • Install water-saving toilets, faucets, and shower heads. • Repair water leaks promptly. Kitchen • Use microwave rather than stove or oven as much as possible. • Run only full loads in dishwasher and use low- or no-heat drying. • Clean refrigerator coils regularly. Basement or utility room • Use front-loading clothes washer. If possible run only full loads with warm or cold water. • Hang clothes on racks for drying. • Run only full loads in clothes dryer and use lower heat setting. • Set water heater at 140° if dishwasher is used and 120° or lower if no dishwasher is used. • Use water heater thermal blanket. • Insulate exposed hot water pipes. • Regularly clean or replace furnace filters. Outside Plant deciduous trees to block summer sun and let in winter sunlight. Other rooms • Use compact fluorescent lightbulbs or LEDs and avoid using incandescent bulbs wherever possible. • Turn off lights, computers, TV, and other electronic devices when they are not in use. • Use high efficiency windows; use insulating window covers and close them at night and on sunny, hot days. • Set thermostat as low as you can in winter and as high as you can in summer. • Weather-strip and caulk doors, windows, light fixtures, and wall sockets. • Keep heating and cooling vents free of obstructions. • Keep fireplace damper closed when not in use. • Use fans instead of, or along with, air conditioning. Stepped Art Fig. 16-10, p. 407

  20. How Can We Reduce Energy Waste? Transportation – 28% energy consumption CAFE (corporate average fuel economy) standards

  21. How Can We Reduce Energy Waste? Give consumers tax breaks & economic incentives for more fuel efficient vehicles Example: Feebate

  22. How Can We Reduce Energy Waste? Types of More Energy-Efficient Vehicles • Superefficient & ultra light cars • Gasoline-electric hybrid car • Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle • Energy-efficient diesel car • Electric vehicle with a fuel cell

  23. Conventional hybrid Fuel tank Battery Internal combustion engine Transmission Electric motor Fig. 16-6, p. 403

  24. Plug-in hybrid Fuel tank Battery Internal combustion engine Transmission Electric motor Fig. 16-6, p. 403

  25. Light-Weight Carbon Composite Concept Car Fig. 16-7, p. 405

  26. How Can We Reduce Energy Waste? Transportation • Usable & Convenient Mass Transit • Electric Rail Systems • Biking

  27. Why are we still wasting so much energy & money? * • Energy remains artificially cheap • Government subsidies • Tax breaks • Prices don’t include true cost

  28. Why are we still wasting so much energy & money? • Few large and long-lasting incentives • Tax breaks • Rebates • Low-interest loans

  29. We Can Use Renewable Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity • Renewable energy • Solar energy: direct or indirect • Geothermal energy • Benefits of shifting toward renewable energy • Renewable energy cheaper if we eliminate • Inequitable subsidies • Inaccurate prices • Artificially low pricing of nonrenewable energy

  30. What Are the Advantages & Disadvantages of Different Renewable Energy Options? That’s for you to tell us!

  31. Shifting to Alternative Energies • Decreases reliance on foreign oil • Increases autonomy • Relies on economic and political shift

  32. Strategies to Assist the Shift • Competition in free market without government interference • Keeping prices artificailly LOW to encourage use of slected energy resources • Keeping prices artifically HIGH to discourabe use of selected energy resources.

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