GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

1. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS & INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

2. What are Intelligent Transportation Systems ? Information technologies applied to transportation systems • To manage it in a safe and efficient manner • To monitor traffic conditions (accident, incidents, construction work, major events) • Control traffic flow • To provide information to the motoring public about traffic conditions

3. ITS Benefits • Improved safety to drivers • Improved traffic efficiency • Reduced traffic congestion • Improved environmental quality and energy efficiency • Improved economic productivity Types of ITS Implemented • Advanced Traffic Management Systems • Advanced Traveler Information Systems • Advanced Vehicle Control Systems • Electronic Toll Collection Systems • Advanced Public Transportation Systems • Commercial Vehicles Operations

4. What are Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)? • ATIS are type of ITS implementation, using emerging sensor, computer, communication, and information technologies in order to provide • Provides safety advisory and warning messages to the driver • Provides the information about the traffic regulation, guidance, and hazardous situations ATIS Benefits • Reduction of travel time • Reduction of stress level • Reduction of traffic congestion • Avoidance of unsafe driving conditions

5. Functional Capabilities in ITS • Urban Traffic Control system (UTC) renewal • Urban Traffic Management & Control (UTMC) common database • Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) / Real Time Passenger Information (RTPI) • Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) • Variable Message Signs (VMS) • Car Park Guidance Signs (CPGS) • Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) • Integrate new and existing Network Management Systems in Hertfordshire • Future proof technology • Actively manage HCC Network • Integrate HCC, HA & neighbouring LA strategies • Build Integrated Traffic Control Centre

6. UTMC Common Database (CDB) CDB is the UTMC central hub, enabling • A coordinated, centralised approach to monitoring and managing traffic • A traffic and travel website • Distribution of transport information via the media (radio/TV/Smart phones) • A consolidated, single user interface • Close co-ordination with adjoining Local Authorities and the Highways Agency

7. Traffic Control Centre

8. Automatic Vehicle Location – Real-Time Passenger Information • Provide reliable real-time information to passengers through a variety of systems and communications media • Provide a voice and data communications platform • Enable bus priority at traffic signals • Provide a vehicle location and control system • Be compatible with AVL/RTPI systems operating in other counties and with other transport providers • Enhance passenger security • Provide information to drivers to aid timekeeping

9. Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR)Journey Time Monitoring System (JTMS) • Provides traffic data by identifying the same vehicle at two or more points in a road network from the recognition of the vehicle's number plate. • Cameras are strategically deployed to capture number plates providing real time monitoring. ANPR/JTMS - Benefits • Live monitoring of the effectiveness of traffic management schemes • Early warning of traffic incidents • Improve journey time reliability • Reduce disruption caused by major incidents • Provide alternative route advice to minimise the effect of congestion and incidents • Minimise delays due to road works • Influence road users' decisions before they set out on a journey about route, time and means of travel • Reduce the effects of congestion

10. Variable Message Signs (VMS) • Provision of information in a timely manner • Local incident management • Reduction in delay • Supporting diversion routes and controlling traffic on these routes Car Park Guidance Signs • Excess queues at car parks; • Congestion on the surrounding road network; • Poor air quality Provides greatest benefit when demand for off-street parking is approximately equal to supply

11. CCTV • Incident detection and management • Provide traffic information through various media services • Manage traffic in urban areas through the use of an UTMC system • Monitor weather conditions of highway Five Primary Functional Areas of ITS • Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) • Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) • Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) • Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) • Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS)

12. Commercial Vehicle Operations • Apply, pay for and receive permits, registrations, and licenses electronically • Share of common trucking data across agencies • Exchange information electronically with roadside enforcement personnel • Electronic “screening” of trucks for safety or other regulatory violations • Share information across state lines and with Federal information systems

13. ATMS

14. Advanced Vehicle Control Systems Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC) System

15. Advanced Public Transportation Systems • Web-based computer reservation systems • Smartphone apps • Smart cards • Electronic ticketing systems • Departure control systems • Inter-modal booking systems • Reservation systems • Vehicle inventory control • Car and bicycle sharing systems • Ride-sharing systems

16. APTS: Bus Signal Priority

17. Expressway Monitoring and Advisory System (EMAS) • Intelligent incident management tool that manages traffic along Expressways • Detects accidents, vehicle breakdowns and other incidents promptly, ensuring fast response to restore normal traffic flow • Recovery crew arrives within 15 minutes • Provides real-time information of travelling time from the entry point of Expressway to selected exits Industry Insight: ITS • tunnel management systems • incident detection and weather sensors • lane and speed control signs • connected vehicles and car-sharing systems • automated payment mechanisms • intelligent parking management

22. Software and IT Solutions App empowering commuters, motorists and cyclists to make informed decisions and better plan their journeys Features include: • Public transport journey planner • Search nearby bus stops and arrival times • Search nearby taxi stands and book taxis • Report road defects via crowdsourcing • Get real-time parking lots availability • Traffic news • Explore cycling towns, routes, and parking facilities

24. Information Transfer in ITS 1 2 In-vehicle systems Vehicle-to-vehicle systems Vehicle-to-infrastructure systems 3

26. Connected cars

27. Technical Issues: Potential Game Changers • Research Questions: • What are the infrastructure requirements for V2V data security? • Is DSRC required to connect vehicles to infrastructure for data security functionality? • Are other communication technologies adequate? • How much and what type of infrastructure is needed for data security? • Is positioning technology adequate? • V2V requires relative positioning; V2I requires absolute positioning • Potential issues between differing GPS manufacturers • Will IntelliDriveSM scale to accommodate all vehicles? • Will DSRC radio channel switching (for safety & non-safety applications) work? Or, will a separate safety radio be required? • Security messages may use significant communication overhead

28. GIS Data for Design and Planning

29. Specific Location –Traffic Flow Profile

30. Detecting Disruptions in Network Flow

31. Average Speed of Vehicles on Roads

32. Road Use Growth

33. Changes in Congested Peak-Period Travel

34. Identifying Traffic Congestion Hot Spots

35. Identifying Accident Prone Locations Big Events Management

36. Solutions to Traffic problems • Construct new roads • Covered in geometric design • Not likely to happen on a large scale • Reduce Traffic • Travel demand management • Alternative transportation • Increase existing infrastructure capacity • Uses intelligent transportation systems (ITS)

37. Option 2: Alternative Transport • But significant new rail capacity will face the same hurdles as new highway capacity.

38. Real-time Information Green Vehicles Smart Agent Vision 2030 Autonomous Vehicles Interactivity Satellite tracking Shared Vehicles

39. Real-time information of everything Includes: • Travel times • Crowdedness in buses / trains • Arrival times of buses, trains, and taxis • Queue lengths at junctions and stations • Parking availability • Achieved by embedded sensors, satellite trackers, HD cameras, and crowd sourcing

40. Smart Agent • A mobile App or a device able to: • Interact with various modes of transport for locating shared vehicles, booking taxis, etc.. • Provide smarter information of journey planning with combination of choices • Take care of logistics e.g. making payments

41. Interactivity V2V • Communication between nearby vehicles wirelessly, sharing useful information on surroundings

42. Interactivity V2I • Communication with infrastructure on signals, traffic availability, and road conditions

43. Satellite-based tracking & ERP • GNSS technology to provide next generation Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) • overcomes the constraints of physical gantries • allows more flexible distance-based congestion charging

44. Autonomous Vehicles • Driverless cars to maintain a safe distance from other vehicles and comply with speed limits automatically, hence eliminating human errors • Driverless vehicles can move in platoon formation in compact and systematic manner to optimise road capacity

45. GIS With ITS For • CCTV Monitoring System • Automatic Incident Detection System • Variable Message Sign System • Automatic Vehicle Location System • Communications System • ATM’s Operations • Call Centre Operations • Media Relations • Network Operations • Traffic Engineering/ Transport Planning/ R&D • Building Systems

47. Data Acquired in GIS