9/6 Focus:

1. 9/6 Focus: • The world in 1750 was marked by powerful Eurasian states and empires, coastal African kingdoms, and growing European maritime empires. • The interactions of these states disrupted regional trade networks • Do Now: • Identify the group that established the world’s largest land empire and secured trade routes across Asia in the 13th and 14th century

2. 9/7 Focus: • In Asia, the period from 1200 to 1800 was a time of great empires and shifts in power. From the Eastern Mediterranean Sea to India, strong Muslim rulers built large empires. • Do Now: • Which Islamic group conquered Byzantine in 1453?

3. Eastern Europe Western Europe Central Asia North America East Asia China Middle East Africa South Asia & Southeast Asia Latin America Oceania

4. 4/18 Focus: • In 1453, the Ottomans captured Constantinople and created an empire that ran from Southeastern Europe through the Middle East and North Africa. • Do Now: • Identify two individuals that contributed to the Scientific Revolution

6. 9/12 Focus: • The use of gunpowder enabled the Ottoman’s to breach the walls of Constantinople which led to the end of the Byzantine empire. • Do Now: • What group first developed gunpowder

7. The Ottoman Empire

8. The Ottomans • Turkish speaking nomadic group from central Asia that migrated into Asia Minor • Saw themselves as “warriors for the Islamic faith” • Began taking land in the Balkans

9. The Ottoman Empire • Ottomans led by Mehmed II surrounded Constantinople in 1453 • Byzantine Empire had become weak over many years • 2 month long siege

11. The Ottoman Empire • Used gunpowder/cannons to break through the walls of Constantinople • Renamed the city Istanbul • Made it the capital of the Ottoman Empire

12. Ottoman Expansion • Expanded East through Asia Minor, Persia, Egypt, North Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula • Mecca and Medina • Expanded North into Balkans and parts of Russia • Laid siege city to European city of Vienna in 1529 • Failed to take the city

14. Ottoman Expansion • Ottoman expansion disrupted European trade routes with Asia • Forced Europeans to search for other ways to Asia • Began searching for sea routes to Asia • Voyages of exploration

15. Closure • Explain the impact that the Ottomans had on Europe’s ability to trade with Asia. • Why is Suleiman’s rule over the Ottoman Empire considered significant? • What were millets?

16. 9/13 Focus: • Suleiman the Magnificent led the Ottoman Empire to a golden age. • Important Terms • Millets, Janissaries • Do Now: • Explain the impact that the Ottomans had on Europe’s ability to trade with Asia.

17. Reasons for Ottoman Success • Used effective military tactics and gunpowder against enemies • Use of cannons to destroy city walls • Armed soldiers with muskets

19. Suleiman the Magnificent • Ottoman Empire experienced a golden age under the rule of Suleiman • Ottoman rulers were called sultans • Modernized the army and continued territorial expansion • Strengthened the government and improved legal codes • Based on Sharia law • Laws based on the Quran

21. Influence of Byzantine • Ottomans tried to turn Istanbul from a Byzantine city into a Muslim city • Converted Church of Haiga Sophia into a mosque • Ottomans absorbed cultural influences from Byzantine • Blended it with Islamic culture

23. A Diverse Society • Organized Christians and Jews into communities called millets • Could practice religions if they followed Ottoman law • Janissaries • Enslaved Christian boys who were forced to convert to Islam • trained to become elite soldiers

24. Ottoman Decline • During the late 1500’s and 1600’s the Ottoman Empire began to decline • Weak sultans and corruption led to internal disorder • European advances in technology surpassed Ottomans • Spain and Italy destroy Ottoman fleet