5.2 Public “ away from home” toilets

1. 5.2 Public “away from home” toilets How appealing can they be? Can vandalism be avoided? www.go.funpic.humor Learning objective: how to plan & implement sustainable public toilets

2. A public toilet is part of a system User views on public toilets Inside Outside appear- ance payment security access signage attend- ants location fixtures fittings clean- liness Facility unisex disability baby urinals rest products separate Courtesy of Clara Greed (from Hanson et al. 2007)

3. User surveys and evaluations J-O Drangert, Linköping university

4. User interview results Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007

5. Location of toilet blocks and urinals A toilethierarchycovering: city centre,district and local levels Courtesy of Clara Greed (from Hanson et al. 2007)

6. Signage ~ how to find the place Map showing public toilets Photos courtesy of Clara Greed

7. Access to the toilet and urinal New urinal stands behind a toilet block. The urinal is being used for defecation during night hours when the main toilet block is closed A toilet with accessories for many user groups Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007 J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

8. External appearance of the toilet or urinal Excellent access to unisex street toilets in Waikato, New Zealand. Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007 A block of urine-diverting toilets Photo courtesy of Suburraman, Scope, India

9. Payment or not? Sulabh pay toilet with bath Public pay toilet in Moscow with attendant. Urine diversion A sign board about fees Public free urinal after rain J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

10. Management inside the toilet block Courtesy of F. Garduňo, Sarar, Mexico Cleaning of toilets Dutch toilet with slogan J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

11. Security and privacy Ultra-blue light to prevent syringe injection Courtesy of Clara Greed (from Hanson et al. 2007) Portland Loo Less privacy may reduce vandalism & improve safety J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

12. Cleanliness A brightly lit, easy to clean toilet in which all cracks are sealed to prevent stagnant urine and water Water ”tap” for washing hands using 0.1 litre per hand wash Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007 J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

13. Fixtures in the cubicle and urinal – and vandalism If the toilet is not cleaned regularily, users will fill up the floor all the way to the entrance Fixtures have to be sturdy to withstand abuse J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

14. Unisex and baby-friendly facilities Baby friendly unit Women and men have quite different dimensions and ‘reach’ in terms of length of arms and legs (Goldsmith, 2000) Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007

15. Urinals Female squatting urinal Male urinal Female urinal from Tepozeco in Mexico Courtesy of Ron Sawyer, Sarar, Mexico J-O Drangert, Linköping University

16. Differently abled persons Photo Courtesy of M. Subburaman, Scope,. India

17. Where does urine and faecal matter end up? J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

18. Public toilets in remote locations Volume reduction per year in a natural composting process: Courtesy of Compostera AB, Sweden

19. Summary of design and reuse options J-O Drangert, Linköping university