European Conquest of Africa: Trade, Slavery, and Colonial Rule

2. Chapter 2 Section 3 European Conquest of Africa

3. Europeans on the Coast • Before 1500 Europe and Africa traded as equals • After 1500 it turned into the enslavement and forced migration of millions of Africans • By 1900 Africa was divided among European countries

4. African Slave Trade

5. Portuguese Exploration • Wanted to trade directly with West Africa • Wanted to trade with Asia

6. Trade with Asia Dias and De Gama

7. Improved Navigation • Lateen sail (triangle-shaped sail) allowed ships to sail against the wind. • Astrolabe helped navigate at sea.

8. Lateen Astrolabe

9. What was Traded? Africans Traded: Gold Cotton Ivory Skins Metal objects Pepper African Animal Skins

10. What was Traded? • Europeans Traded • Copper • Brass • Clothing

11. What was Introduced from Africa? Okra Watermelon Rice

12. What was Introduced from Europe? Corn Cassava Yams

13. Change in Trade Relations • Portuguese found an all-water route to the far-east • Discovered the riches of the East African coast and seized these riches

14. European Trade Spreads • The Dutch, French and English set up trading posts along Africa’s coasts • The Dutch built a trading post on the Cape of Good Hope

15. Cape of Good Hope!

16. The Atlantic Slave Trade • Slave trade existed in Africa before America was colonized • African Americans were treated like property by the Europeans settling in America

17. The Middle Passage The Trip from Africa to the Americas was called the Middle Passage

18. Indians or Africans – That is the Question! • European settlers needed laborers for their mines and plantations • Cheaper to use enslaved Indians or Africans than to pay workers

19. Advantages of Using African Workers • Disease resistant • Unfamiliar territory • They were skilled farmers, miners and metal workers

20. The Slave Trade Begins • Some African nations refused to take part • By 1780 about 80,000 African slaves were being shipped to America each year!

21. The Horrors of Slavery • 20% of slaves died on the Middle Passage • Many died young • Separated from family • Susceptible to disease in slave huts

22. Slave Beatings!

23. Effects of Slavery on Africa • Some Africans grew wealthy from slave trade • West Africa lost much of its population • Not enough skilled workers left • Families were torn apart • African societies broke down African Blacksmith

24. Europeans Colonize Africa • Mid 1800’s African slave trade ended • Europeans then raided Africa’s interior for natural resources • Europeans claimed empires in Africa The Industrial Revolution in England required natural resources

25. The Scramble for Africa • By 1900 European nations had colonized many parts of Africa • To colonize means to settle an area and take control of its government

26. European Rule

27. Effects of European Control on Africa • African people had little power in their governments • Europeans encouraged rivalries among African ethnic groups. • Europeans took the best land for farming • Europeans drew new political boundaries

28. Rivalries among African Ethnic Groups