Science - All About Animals

1. Science - All About Animals _ , » r i‘ ‘ . ~ V _ ' W - s . ‘ I‘ ; . ~ r . H’ - 1 ‘I ‘ F i F ‘ , —_ l ‘ . __ . , . . K . _ “, ' 7' ' ‘ ,1 ‘ . I ‘ C ‘ A . ‘. _ a F} , - 5 «. I Y J’ ¢ ' c - xi . ‘ ' BASED ON THE SCIENCE %1_LABUS(PRlMARYSClDOL)~ MINBTRYOF EDUC. A‘H% SINGAPOE - DIVERSITYOF LIVING AND NXLNMG THINGS

2. Produced b :33 ' Yang Ao WEI! idangaoweleovrlookcom Produced b :33 ' Yang Ao WEI! idangaoweleovrlookcom

3. I. TheAnimalKingilnm 3. Amphibians 5. Fish . . . - About Amphibians About Fish 2- cla_Ssmcam" of - Characteristics - Characteristics Animals - types - types I Iaxonomy - Fmgsfliloads ° lawlessfish - Theillivisions ° Salamander: - “W . om - Caecilians ' “"'| '"’Y‘ - Herhivnres - . Jawlédfiin ' c3"‘lV°"35 Buds Cgiltyilalosinousfisli o flmniyores I . gamma - Characteristics - Vertelirates I types - invertebrates - fiyingliirds I Common - Flightless Birds Characteristics ' 3l"'5""‘5"i“l - TheliBasic Animal Groups BASED ON THE SCENCE §1_lABUS(PRlMARYSCI'DOL)~ MINBTRYOF EDUCATION SINGAPOE - DNERSITYOF LIVING AND N1-LNING THINGS I. TheAnimalKingilnm 3. Amphibians 5. Fish . . . - About Amphibians About Fish 2- cla_Ssmcam" of - Characteristics - Characteristics Animals - types - types I Iaxonomy - Fmgsfliloads ° lawlessfish - Theillivisions ° Salamander: - “W . om - Caecilians ' “"'| '"’Y‘ - Herhivnres - . Jawlédfiin ' c3"‘lV°"35 Buds Cgiltyilalosinousfisli o flmniyores I . gamma - Characteristics - Vertelirates I types - invertebrates - fiyingliirds I Common - Flightless Birds Characteristics ' 3l"'5""‘5"i“l - TheliBasic Animal Groups BASED ON THE SCENCE §1_lABUS(PRlMARYSCI'DOL)~ MINBTRYOF EDUCATION SINGAPOE - DNERSITYOF LIVING AND N1-LNING THINGS

4. The study of animals is liiinwnas , /1. ii lfl iii r U lo 5;; The study of animals is liiinwnas , /1. ii lfl iii r U lo 5;;

5. THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

6. . Animalsare the most ‘ a diverse forms of life on Earth and there are as many aslll million species of animals living on Earth, with more being discovered every year. smog : agmupoinrganisms math up of relatedindividuals that resemble one emitter and can breed or reprodum amirg themselves I: ‘iv? .- / V’! . Animalsare the most ‘ a diverse forms of life on Earth and there are as many aslll million species of animals living on Earth, with more being discovered every year. smog : agmupoinrganisms math up of relatedindividuals that resemble one emitter and can breed or reprodum amirg themselves I: ‘iv? .- / V’!

7. . . /F Theyrangeinsizeirom0.05mm l/ ong ‘ ‘ "" microscopic organisms to gigantic whales as huge as 30 meterslong. mflfl I Illilg thirgs / _'. . . /F Theyrangeinsizeirom0.05mm l/ ong ‘ ‘ "" microscopic organisms to gigantic whales as huge as 30 meterslong. mflfl I Illilg thirgs / _'.

8. ."/ Animalsare organismsthat@ '_ energy by eating other organisms as food. :, !:3_ 5 - kw“ . _: ; _‘; . _/7- , .—; _‘_: ;~* I _; /_‘ . §¢«“‘3‘V‘ multioellular : maib: up of sereralurmany cells miigetcracquire , .v gioytliestrergthandvitalityrieededtulireandgrcv p , " ‘ ."/ Animalsare organismsthat@ '_ energy by eating other organisms as food. :, !:3_ 5 - kw“ . _: ; _‘; . _/7- , .—; _‘_: ;~* I _; /_‘ . §¢«“‘3‘V‘ multioellular : maib: up of sereralurmany cells miigetcracquire , .v gioytliestrergthandvitalityrieededtulireandgrcv p , " ‘

9. Animals are not the only multiccllular organisms in this world. V ‘ 5 * - ‘. "'. ‘~. r , . , In ' ‘ ')‘. '¥‘. ;~"«. ; S‘EAHORSE LADYBIRD MONKEY TURTLE Animals are not the only multiccllular organisms in this world. V ‘ 5 * - ‘. "'. ‘~. r , . , In ' ‘ ')‘. '¥‘. ;~"«. ; S‘EAHORSE LADYBIRD MONKEY TURTLE

10. . Animals are not the only multicellular organisms in this world. ~. sl ‘yr > . ‘V ‘. 2 i -‘ . » vb’ ' — 'r‘fj» ' " V fr) - . ~ -‘. .. ; . 1 ' meme 1.-A. !L<l}: ; SSl§f: :1J‘: ]g. Ii-:53 - ; l.. ::: i2«p“f57{lI Plantsand many Fungi also share this characteristic. . -l‘LriLi~uaimI»: :ii‘+, iliiia-ii»-IueilliIl. aIuiiiuiii:4ii: lmIiI1-rii;4is: ii. ,;1kiaa. :ivlmiuirimihim-Tifiiilii‘ii am '1 -lav-y-fl-r—_ . «re "F ‘-—r** *- ’ ‘ "'2 ‘v-3‘ »' . ‘ fix"! ,. .3 __»j I 9:, V -‘ "fa. “ A «An, *< ; ., ‘ ) - I ‘__ ? ,3 - A }‘» ' _, ’ I w 2 « . -_7,; ‘~;2;mo©@ ' _ -u . ‘." . y': .'; ‘ If -4 .1-'.3.. '1-. !«‘ 3. I _/ v'_ . o - . : ‘I“. ,‘: '_“'I, :)‘¢_r; -4 r I: v""‘§ I _ n- . / ~‘~- , - . / rs: /> laymen . - ~« _ ; _ - , / .1 ~- ‘ - V

11. . But animals are different from plants and fungi in several important ways.

12. . But animals are different from plants and fungi in several important ways. line of them is the way in which they obtain energy.

13. . Plants obtain energy directly from the Sun through a process call “photosynthesis”, and they use this energy to “malie food” (build up organic matter). I _Ii1': /LIL-, ':i'~Il'»_'illIlillIIIli! 'Jfli~l! |lIIliiIllIlIlf4iiEiii~li

14. . . I’ I , V55. . "r . §I’«"' , Q, ,. — ? :i 91‘ . r’''''’ F _ I , Q. / _ i . K — « I‘- _I I. » V : s “ ~ c i " x. I _ H . . “ ~~', i1'; ; -~/ ' ‘. ._— ‘ 3 / I - _ , ': ~/. I M; ‘ . ‘‘- __‘ | ' > , , "___> I Animals obtain energy by eating other organisms (plants, fungi, other animals, or a mixture of them). They then flgfl this food to release the energy that it contains. liinHiilIiillltit-bliliatli-fill? -likli| II! >1~liI

15. . (F , ‘ my 9 , , Eungi also take in food, but quite the opposite way to that of animals. Animals digest food internally after ' ‘t but fungi first break down food before they abso ' . {K

16. . And unlike plants or fungi, which are rooted in one place, animals always move about to escape from redators, to find food, as well as to find a mate.

17. . Almost none of the animals can survive without oxygen, and they breathe this gas either from the air or from water.

18. . A DESERT MOUNTAIN Animals live in a variety of habitats such as deserts, mountains, caves, forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, deep-sea floors, rivers, and even in the cities that we live in. WETLAND ‘

19. . The life spans of animals vary from a matter of justl day in some insects to over IIIII years in giant tortoises.

20. . Due to the harmful activities carried out by human beings, such as trophy hunting, poaching, clearing of forests and pollutions (which cause huge damage to the environment), many animals have become extinct. 'I“: ,f‘! l,I'i§'! —’! Ii? QttIfiI§fiI, 'l! |IIll§I§iIl%lllll§! Il| IiilIl5§_fi§IinllItGI'; EllIItfi| l|Il%l! .'GtlEIIitlliiifllllillltinlillllflssliittllfi ' j. H;itii1¢‘t: =»~I. I!lIeiti. =.I! iui. I.t: ii. 'II’l3riI biuersailsti ' " . _ ‘ F I‘ v-‘' . I- , if K 3 p ’ i f‘ I /9 I I - ‘I II III ‘I Irii ti" V ,1 P “‘ AIR POLLUTION ’ . p 5 "‘DEFO‘REST'ATlON

21. . These are some animals that have become extinct: TASM ANIAN TIGER QUAGGA "°"° ""‘° LAST SEEN: 1936 LAST SEEN: LAST SEEN: ZANZIBAR LEOPARD '-A57 ‘FEW 1975 LAST SEEN: 1996

22. . currently, thousands of animals are in the list of endangered species. endaml so’: organisms that are rim; to income extinct Ilecaose tiara areveryteuot tram btton Earth

23. . currently, thousands of animals are , , - - - extinct lizcaosetlnreareve Ioltlnm Elton am: in the list of endangered species. ”'° Among them, the Amur leopards and lavan Rhinos are the most critically endangered, with less than 100 of them left in this world. 4. " , IAVAN RHINO AMUR LEOPARD: NUMBER LEFT: ABOUT 60 NUMBER LEFT: ABOUT 40

24. . CLASSIFICATIUN 0F ANIMALS

25. . In order for us to understand living organisms and how they are related, we arrange them into different groups.

26. . There are quite a number of ways that we can group or classify animals.

27. . Taxonomy, or the Scientific Classification, is a hierarchical system of classifying and identifying organisms, including animals. There are T divisions in the system. taxom: the branch of science conrzrrcd with tie classificatirnoforganisms hierarchical : arranged in an omerof ranlr

28. . There are also more general ways to classify animals, such as: - according to what they eat - whether they have backbones - some common characteristics which they share

29. . line of the simplest ways to classifyanimals is by their diets - the kind of rooos that they eat. There are 3 basic groups: Herbivores, carnivores and llmnivores.

30. . _ —“""’ '-v ‘ | I ' .1 " «n . ..* . , iHHerbivores refer to _p| ant-eatinganimals. . . Tux . - . K-' . _ - .2 ' : , -, -'

31. . .. ',§ ', ’ & - . /4 ~ . ~ .1v*, .: or»-‘kw, ’ g. , -» at '> g ‘ .25" ' , .£.7}; l'! .;. “ ‘ . II, ski 1’ I < ‘r rsn. @uav7mm. s E ‘ ’ 11: < A plant is made up of a number of parts and different animals will feed A j 4’ on the different parts of a plant. II! ‘S. , .a«. _ pt . Iv . t l ‘X. r '« “. 2 . . , L‘ ' ‘= £ftjvjl3o‘ri3€~ , a

32. . These are some examples of herbivores: @@A§§| ]#J©l? @E[R / , 5 limo? @A‘fi’ElRl? lIl. fl,AlR s : ‘.'l. "s'(§'(('({I, I.'‘I@. *$, s -~<-. :- - *“‘ . r..1£ ' '5-Q'O~3')"'r

33. . v. .. » eat other animals (meat-eating). ' lI_arnivores refer to animals that , .. ,- . 'r, q.‘I‘e. ., H '— _ ‘-. -">. T:; '?; ;h¥-‘%“ , / ~ I ta. -. .9» .1» V‘ . .

34. . These are some examples of carnivores: Ir’ . .“ ‘Q . 3 ' la». I} w) ‘,3r 9 'A w@ne ‘CI iv’ "‘~ , I -D ’, . ‘II ' P. “ 0 I . V . ,1 . 2‘ '. ’ ’ , ‘ A -. - . , , '. ‘ . 4 '. r I . ’ ‘ @lR©@©@[ILE : f"‘_‘= ,a~—. ..”‘ '_— r‘< 4 . ‘ I . ‘i‘LsJ'. :‘ .2 ~'v-“'. '>'. .<_—‘ ~ ' "?5‘§- .3,/ _ .3’ . s ‘_ V . ... L‘ ’v‘A{‘9‘xv} v l v ‘ A A 9

35. . llmnivores are animals that feed on both plants and other animals.

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37. . Another way to classifyanimals is according to whether they have backbones. There are 2 basic groups: Vertebrates (with backbones) and Invertebrates (without backbones). @hlI@hlE

38. . // V I Vertebrate Vertebrates refer to all animals that have backbones, skulls, and inner skeletons. ‘

39. . The skeleton is a strong frame that supports the body (giving the body its shape).

40. . Groups of animals that are vertebrates include: l‘ It

41. . r_j L J. " _ F‘ V . r‘. ‘ g ' . . 4#E“w5‘4,3 = " k re ee ra Invertebrates refer to animals that lack backbones. ‘ V W, ,~, "i x ‘_ __: . . . ’* . I I A9 i

42. . Instead of skeletons and bones, an invertebrate has a hard outer case known as an exoskeleton that protects and supports its body.

43. . [troops of animals that are invertebrates include: AI71J$@IIr{IIR‘Ifl@§ / kA? ?IRI1&l? >©@§

44. . Also, animals can be classified based on some common characteristics that they share. For example: W AYtS‘THEY ' REPRODU(E 4 I» fi~, i‘s. ;<e. 'e; .>. W,‘. ‘.. ‘.i'i" g(g). v4‘Er. z1iN; cS_, § Amfl -

45. . Based on similar characteristics, we can classify animals into THE 8 BASIC ANIMAL GRIIIIPS: AMPHBIANS MAMMALS BBDS INSECTS REPTII. ES

46. . And that's what you’re about to learn here.

47. . AAIIPAHHHANS

48. . ABIIUT AMPHIBIANS

49. . ABOUT AMPI-IIBIANS -r . 3' . r"/ -A/ hr k, ‘ _ 9‘ skin through which water can pass in and out. Q51: damp, orslibtly Int i: <ri3.@. @,'§. semi é; fl.Al: ‘4l@ . I’ ‘I I? C’ ' I - . ' , _: : I / ' ‘ “Ii }‘ I ‘ DI‘ ' _" , z. ‘f-3, ‘- ' . ' I ‘I '‘£"’3:" ‘L’. I -7» . ~~ V‘? I 2 . “,§; :_~. '5.. .r ' '/ ' P. ‘ ‘ Lt . If 333- ¥Il"5.’- A‘ - &/ I »'. ' % Amphibians are animals with moist, hairless ‘ "‘‘§‘:5'»’-’'/ ‘-r , / C

50. . II “zit, There are about 0,000 species of living amphibians today, making up the 3 basic groups of frogs and toads, salamanders, as well as the caecilians. 3 , _ - / ‘ if’ I‘ , ’ ,1 I "l~“. " v . —’i A ; .__ ~V‘3.. ' N? ‘ -I 1 tr ‘ . _' w ' . ‘ r ‘ T _; ‘)1 (f g. ,._ - H ‘Ix’? ' -~‘-T . t ‘ . "> “. . _. , '. / . , z y ‘S. -_ 'v k‘ §AI1.A/ ,>£AIi‘‘l@I§IR -' ‘ T‘ F . Wu J @éSE@I]lI]AlR‘I