Comprehensive Guide to Water Treatment in Power Plants

1. Water Treatment ACADs (08-006) Covered Keywords Demineralization, reverse osmosis, evaporation, distillation, oil separation, condensate polishing, boiler protection. Description Supporting Material

2. Engineering Technology Division Power Plant Construction and QA/QC Section 2.6– Water Treatment

3. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Overview • Introduction • Chemistry Basics • Pretreatment • Demineralization • Condensate Polishing • Boiler Protection

4. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Introduction • Water Treatment is the attempt to remove anything that is not water molecules. • Chemicals and compounds in water create corrosive environments. • pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity. • Failure to maintain chemistry control can lead to reduced efficiency and/or premature failure. • Understanding the source water chemistry is the key to determining Water Treatment requirements.

5. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Chemistry Basics – Water Source

6. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Chemistry Basics – Water Source

7. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Chemistry Basics – River Water

8. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Chemistry Basics – Tap Water

9. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Chemistry Basics – Industrial Contaminants

10. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Chemistry Basics – Other Contaminants

11. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Chemistry Basics – Other Contaminants

12. Oil separation • Oil and water separators are commonly used in electrical substations. • The transformers found in substations use a large amount of oil for cooling purposes. • Moats are constructed surrounding unenclosed substations to catch any leaked oil, but these will also catch rainwater. Oil and water separators therefore provide a quicker and easier cleanup of an oil leak.

13. Oil separation Objective: Recognize the components, functions and operation of the Chemical and Oily Waste Water Systems.

14. Oil separation Drainage and Leakage are facts of life for a power station. At a Nuclear Power Station, we have to consider types of drains. Oily Waste Drains: • 1) leakage from heavy equipment, hydraulics • 2) damages water purification media - resins • 3) environmental pollutant • 4) flammable

15. Oil separation Oily and Non-Radioactive Waste Drains Functions: 1. Collect and transport liquid waste from equipment and floor drains of the: a. Turbine Bldg. b. Control Bldg. c. Diesel Generator Bldg. d. Plant yard areas 2. Remove entrailed oil from the waste for disposal and transfer the oil free water to the retention basin and then to the evaporation pond.

16. Oil separation Oily and Non-Radioactive Waste Drains Description: 1. System consists of: a. various sumps and respective pumps b. oily waste separator c. Retention Basins d. Evaporation Pond

17. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Pretreatment

18. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Pretreatment – Waste Water Varies by use

19. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Demineralization – Resin Type Negative Valance Positive Valance

20. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Demineralization – Reverse Osmosis Process

21. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Demineralization – Reverse Osmosis

22. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Demineralization – Evaporation Typically operates in a vacuum to reduce source heat.

23. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Demineralization –Distillation

24. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Condensate Polishing

25. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Condensate Polishing

26. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Boiler Protection • When source water is properly analyzed and water treatment address the impurities, then Boiler Protection is provided. • To Improve protection, additional chemicals can be added (Oxalates, pH controls, H2, etc) • Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide reduction in the De-aeration process reduces corrosive environments.

27. Section 2.6– Water Treatment Questions?