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Creating a Republican Culture 1790-1820

This chapter explores the Republican culture in America from 1790 to 1820. It examines the entrepreneurial spirit, factors of production, banking, transportation, the Commonwealth system, the American system, the Missouri Compromise, and the Second Great Awakening.

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Creating a Republican Culture 1790-1820

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  1. Creating a Republican Culture1790-1820 Chapter 8

  2. “If movement and the quick succession of sensations and ideas constitute life, here one lives a hundred fold more than elsewhere; here, all is circulation, motion, and boiling agitation.” Entrepreneurial Spirit • Factors of Production: “Experiment follows experiment; enterprise follows enterprise, riches and poverty follow.”

  3. Banking • Government sponsored land banks and credit from suppliers • Bank of North America (1781) • Bank issued notes • Commercial loans • 1816 – $68m in banknotes in circulation • 1821 - $45m in banknotes in circulation

  4. Another Revolution Affects America • Manufacturing moved from • Power-driven machinery • Specialized workers • Industrial Revolution • Social and economic reorganization • Started in Great Britain

  5. Transportation • 1816 • 1831

  6. The Commonwealth System • The American state legislatures passed measures they thought would be “of great public utility” and increase the “common wealth.” • Was this republican?

  7. Cumberland (National Road)

  8. Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s

  9. Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

  10. Erie Canal System

  11. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

  12. Principal Canals in 1840

  13. Inland Freight Rates Be careful reading the Y axis!

  14. "The American System" • 1815 Madison urged Congress to develop a plan to unify the country • Henry Clay’sAmerican System: • A strong banking system, to provide easy and abundant credit • A protective tariff (20-25%) • The Tariff of 1816 • 1st protective tariff • A network of roads and canals • Funded from tariff *President Madisonvetoed the bill to give states aid for infrastructure • Felt intrastate projects were unconstitutional  Would unite the US and make it self-sufficient

  15. The Missouri Compromise • introduced the compromise that decided whether or not Missouri would be admitted as a slave state.  Congress decided to: • Admit as ain 1820 • , which was a part of Massachusetts, was to be admitted as a separate, • Therefore, there were slave states and free states • The Missouri Compromise by Congress banned slavery in the remaining territories in the Louisiana Territory north of the line of , except for Missouri.

  16. Slavery and the Sectional Balance • Amendment And provided, That the further introduction of slavery or involuntary servitude be prohibited, except for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been fully [duly] convicted; and that all children born within the said State, after the admission thereof into the Union, shall be free at the age of twenty-five Years.

  17. The Missouri Compromise

  18. The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within”[Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality

  19. The Rise of Popular Religion In France, I had almost always seen the spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom pursuing courses diametrically opposed to each other; but in America, I found that they were intimately united, and that they reigned in common over the same country… Religion was the foremost of the political institutions of the United States. -- Alexis de Tocqueville, 1832

  20. Charles G. Finney(1792 – 1875) The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation. “soul-shaking” conversion Converted had a duty to spread the word about personal salvation 

  21. Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting

  22. “The Benevolent Empire”1825 - 1846

  23. Second Great Awakening • 1790 into 1840s • Rejection of Calvinist idea of predestination • Emphasized individual responsibility for salvation

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