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Semantic Technologies and Enhanced Situation Awareness

Semantic Technologies and Enhanced Situation Awareness. Paul Smart, Ali Bahrami, Dave Braines, Duncan McRae-Spencer, Jun Yuan, Nigel Shadbolt. The Problem. Challenges increasingly diverse and sophisticated sensor systems increasingly pervasive and complex information networks

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Semantic Technologies and Enhanced Situation Awareness

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  1. Semantic Technologies and Enhanced Situation Awareness Paul Smart, Ali Bahrami, Dave Braines, Duncan McRae-Spencer, Jun Yuan, Nigel Shadbolt

  2. The Problem • Challenges • increasingly diverse and sophisticated sensor systems • increasingly pervasive and complex information networks • mission-command philosophy • distributed decision-making based on command intent • Value • general recognition of importance of situation awareness to mission success • Previous research • Bryant et al – C2 • Endsley et al – infantry situation awareness requirements (US/Europe) “Clearly, situation awareness has overriding combat aspects. It’s decisive when used properly…it isn’t a modest enhancement, it’s a decisive enhancement!” - General Edwin Burba

  3. Situation Awareness “…the perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of space and time, the comprehension of their meaning and the projection of their status in the near future.” (Endsley, 1988) State of the Environment Situation Awareness Decision Making Performance of Actions Level 1Perception Level 2Comprehension Level 3Projection

  4. Semantic Technologies • Developed as part of Semantic Web initiative • Knowledge representation • RDF/RDFS/OWL • semantic expressivity – derived from description logics • suited to distributed information environments • provide explicit semantics • Query capabilities • SPARQL/RDQL • ability to query repositories at the semantic (rather than logical/structural) level • exploit semantic entailments • Reasoning & inference • modelling axioms with accepted meaning permits automated reasoning • rule languages – SWRL, RIF

  5. Semantically-Enabled Capabilities

  6. Information Access Internal Memory External Memory • Objectives • enable rapid access to relevant information • support search discovery and retrieval • Relevance • extended memory • cognitive augmentation (?) • Why is it useful? • reduced processing • Technologies • ontologies, folksonomies • semantic annotation • semantic queries • How is it achieved? • reduced processing • Issues • network stability and performance • information access cost Cognitive Potential

  7. Information Access Internal Memory External Memory • Objectives • enable rapid access to relevant information • support search discovery and retrieval • Relevance • extended memory • cognitive augmentation (?) • Why is it useful? • reduced processing • Technologies • ontologies, folksonomies • semantic annotation • semantic queries • How is it achieved? • reduced processing • Issues • network stability and performance • information access cost Cognitive Potential

  8. Information Integration • Objectives • identification of mappings between the elements of disparate datasets • support information exchange and interoperability • Relevance • reduced workload • greater information reach • improved information fusion • Why is it useful? • reduced processing • Technologies • ontologies – semantic enrichment supports integration • semantic integration techniques • How is it achieved? • reduced processing • Issues • automation • usability • ITA Project 12, Task 1

  9. Information Filtering 2 2 1 • Objectives • attenuate information overload • selectively filter information streams • identify relevant information 3 3 • Relevance • increased working memory capacity • reduced info-smog • Why is it useful? • reduced processing • Technologies • ontologies • semantic queries • knowledge monitors Sensor selection and orientation 1 • How is it achieved? • reduced processing • Issues • out-of-the-loop syndrome • competition for limited sensor resources Semantic queries Event/contingency detection

  10. AKTiveSA • AKTiveSA • UK MoD DIF DTC • enhanced situation awareness • humanitarian assistance missions • semantic filters • knowledge monitors • monitor situation • alert user to situation contingencies and events Smart, P. R., Russell, A., Shadbolt, N., schraefel, m. c., & Carr, L. A. (2007) AKTiveSA: A Technical Demonstrator System for Enhanced Situation Awareness in Military Operations Other Than War. The Computer Journal, in press.

  11. InfoGlue Information Sources Workflow Sensors Aggregation/ Integration Video Audio Context Documents Ontology Query Late Binding Profile Change Detection Monitor Heterogeneous Databases • InfoGlue • ITA Project 12 • information retrieval to support goal relevant processing • Semantic technologies • ontologies • semantic integration • semantic queries • Context-aware information retrieval • user profile • workflow Bahrami, A., Yuan, J., Smart, P. R., & Shadbolt, N. R. (2007) Context-Aware Information Retrieval for Enhanced Situation Awareness. Paper presented at the Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), Orlando, Florida, USA.

  12. Summary

  13. ITA Projects Links Semantically-Mediated Data Fusion Sensor Mission Matching Cultural Modelling of Planning & Intent Semantic Integration & Interoperability

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