The Human Machine

1. The Human Machine Part 3: Muscular Tissues

2. Recognize and explain that human beings, like other organisms have complex body systems of cells,tissues, and organs that interact to support an organisms growth and survival. VSC Content Standard: -Describe and explain that the complex set of systems found in multicellular organisms are made up of different kinds of tissues and organs which are, in turn, composed of differentiated cells-Select several body systems and explain the role of cells, tissues, and organs in the systems selected that effectively carry out a vital function for the organism, such as:Obtaining food and providing energy, Defense, Reproduction, Waste Removal, Breathing

3. Objectives: Students Will: • Compare and contrast the three types of muscle tissue. Homework: • Vocab.

4. Lesson Question: Compare a human skeletal and muscular systems to those of a bird. How does the bone structure differ? Are there any similarities? Be sure to give specific examples based on our class investigations.

5. Engage your thinking: http://www.hughston.com/hha/b.ten6.jpg Look at the pictures and consider the following: • What type of tissue are these structures made of? • Do they have different functions? • Which organ systems are they a part of? • Which part of the brain sends messages to each structure? • Do you think that the cells making up these structures would be different? Calf Heart http://www.irishhealth.com/?level=4&id=1923

6. Engage your thinking: http://www.hughston.com/hha/b.ten6.jpg Check your answers: • The calf and heart are both made of muscle tissue. • The calf muscle supports your body in your lower leg and your hart pumps blood through your body. • The cerebrum would send a message to your calf muscle for movement (voluntary) and your brainstem would control your heartbeat (involuntary). • Since the jobs are different, then they would be made up of specialized cells that are slightly different. Calf Heart http://www.irishhealth.com/?level=4&id=1923

7. Explore…How are muscles different? • We know that muscles move your body but are there different kinds of muscles? Use the website below and your text (pp.51-53) to complete the graphic organizer: 1. What are the three types of muscle? http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit4_3_muscle_types.html

8. Exploring Muscle Types 1. The main function of muscle tissue is to create movement 2. Muscles contract, or shorten, to create this movement 3. Muscles only pull or squeeze! They cannot push. 4. Three Different Types of muscle are found in the body.

9. Skeletal Muscle Image taken from: http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/edprog/histolog/muscle/hist-05.htm

10. Skeletal Muscle 1. Attached to the bones by tendons 2. Pulls on the bone to move the joint 3. Skeletal muscles work in pairs – one works while the other relaxes. This allows the muscle to “reset” after each pull 4. Called striated muscle because of stripes or lines that appear on the muscle tissue

12. Smooth Muscle Image taken from: http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/edprog/histolog/muscle/hist-05.htm

13. Smooth Muscle 1. Found in internal organs like the digestive organs (stomach) and in blood vessels. 2. Smooth muscle works involuntarily, or without thought 3. Has no striations – it’s smooth!

15. Cardiac Muscle Image taken from: http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/edprog/histolog/muscle/hist-05.htm

16. Cardiac Muscle 1. Found in the heart 2. Looks like skeletal muscle but acts like smooth muscle 3. Involuntary – your heart beats on its own without you thinking about it! 4. Considered the “Strongest” muscle because it works all the time without a major rest

18. Explain your material • Copy the graphic organizer on the next page in order to explain what you have learned about muscle types.

19. MUSCLES Taken From Prentice Hall Resource Pro CD ROM

20. Extension Use the link below to locate the following muscles in the human body and identify where they can be found: http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html • BACK VIEW FRONT VIEW • Gluteus Maximus Pecoralis Major • Trapezius Orbicularis Oris • Occipitalis Rectus Abdominis • Deltoid Rectus Femoris

21. Evaluate Part 1 • Self-Evaluation • Complete the following questions to evaluate what you have learned!

22. A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five Question 1 • How many kinds of muscle tissue are there?

23. A. Cardiac B. Skeletal C. Smooth D. There are no muscles in the Organs Question 2 • Which muscle tissue moves food through the digestive system?

24. Question 1 B. There are 3 types of muscle in the human body – Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac. Question 2 C. Smooth muscle is responsible for pushing food through the digestive system. Answers

25. Evaluate Part 2 • Use the knowledge you have gained from the labs and class activities to explain how the muscular system and skeletal system work together to move your bones. Be sure to HIGHLIGHT the following terms in your response: • bones, muscles, tendons, contract, pairs

26. Evaluate Part 2 • If an athlete has injured the tissue that connects the tibia to the femur, what type of connective tissue has been injured? • If the same athlete has injured the tissue that connects the biceps to the humerus, what type of connective tissue has been injured?

27. Check your answers: • Ligaments connect bones to other bones. • Tendons connect muscles to bones.

28. Evaluate yourself: Can you: • Compare and contrast the three types of muscle tissue?

29. Homework • Complete Part 3 in your packet.