An Outline For Discussion

1. Rivermont Presbyterian Church College and Career Sunday School Class Biblical Basis for a Reformational Worldview • Do not conform any longer with the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and prove what God’s will is - His good, pleasing and perfect will. • 3Rom. 12:2 Redemption Scripture Creation Fall He who was seated on the throne said, I am making everything new!” Rev. 21:5 An Outline For Discussion Compiled by P. Ribeiro and Adriana Ribeiro (Main sources: Scriptures, Creation Regained by Albert Wolters, and The Transforming Vision by Brian Walsh and Richard Middleton, Patterns of the Western Mind, J. Kok, An Introduction to Christian Philosophy, J. Spier, Contours of a Christian Philosophy, L. Kalsbeek, Perspectives in Philosophy, J Van Kyk) (For Sunday School Class Use Only)

2. Introduction Lesson 1 - June6, 1999 • The Format • Open debate (Socratic method), group dynamics / participation. • The Standard • The Word of God • The Motivation • A sense of great frustration - corporate and personal: • Ineffectiveness of Christianity to shape public life (Rom 12:1-2, 2 Cor. 10:5)) • Dualistic view of Christian Service (secular versus sacred). • Objective - The Title (What does it mean?) • Biblical worldview and its significance for our lives as we seek to be obedient to Scriptures • Long tradition (Augustine, Calvin…) • Reformational (after Protestant Reformation) • Scripture Alone (as opposed to Scriptures and Tradition) • Reformational (Abraham Kuyper, Herman Bavinck, Herman Dooyeweerd, D. Volenhoven) • Contribution through theology, philosophy, and other academic disciplines • The Challenge • Therefore, I urge you, brothers, in view of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God - this is your spiritual act of worship. Do not conform any longer with the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and prove what God’s will is - his good, pleasing and perfect will. Rom. 12:1-2 • It is by no means easy to hold beliefs for which you would be willing to die, and yet to remain open to new insights; but it is precisely such a combination of commitment and enquiry that constitutes religious maturity." -- Ian Barbour

3. What is a Worldview? Do you have a worldview? How do we respond to evangelism, to pacifism, or patriotism? What words of condolence do we offer at a graveside? Whom do we blame for inflation? What are our views on abortion, homosexuality, capital punishment, discipline in child-rearing, racial segregation, artificial insemination, cloning, arts and films, extramarital sex? Would we discourage our children from becoming involved with arts or politics? When taxation is unjust , do we cheat on our tax forms? The direction = obedience to God Since we live by the Spirit, let us keep in step with the Spirit. Gal. 5:25. German Weltanschuung = World-and-Life-View Life Perspective Principles, Ideals, Values, Vision of Life, Vision of the Future Confessional Vision Generic Definition: The comprehensive framework of one’s basic belief about things Components of a worldview: Things (anything which is possible to have a belief) Beliefs (not feelings, not opinions) Basic Beliefs Framework (pattern)

4. What role does a worldview play in our lives? Guide to our life Shapes the way we see the events and issues Humans are incapable of holding purely arbitrary opinions or making entirely unprincipled decisions. What is the Scope of a Worldview? Cultural life is not only rooted in the dominant worldview; it also orients life in terms of that worldview. Education Are we always consistent with our worldview? No! Sometimes we hold to conflicting beliefs or fail to act in harmony with the beliefs we hold. The contradiction of our fallen nature. Rom. 7:15-25 Politics Health Care The tension / crisis is fundamentally religious because our worldview rests on a faith commitment: 1 - Who am I 2 - Where am I? 3 - What’s wrong? 4 - What is the remedy? 1 Pe. 2: 9-10 A chosen people 2 Pe. 3:11 Advancing the Kingdom speeding His coming World view Religious Institutions Legal Institutions Family Environment Arts See, I set before you today life and prosperity, death and destruction. Dt. 30:15-20

5. What is the relationship of Worldview to Scripture? Our worldview must be shaped and tested by Scriptures! Scriptures speaks to everything in our life and world including technology, economics and science! Read and Discuss Act. 17:11 (Bereans) Rom.12:2 (Renewal of our minds) Rom. 15:4 (Scriptures teach us) 2 Tim. 3:16-17 (Scripture the basis for our understanding) What is the relationship between worldview theology and philosophy? Theology and Philosophy are specialized fields of inquiry that not everyone can engage in (Acts 7: 22, Prov. 8) Biblical wisdom does not increase with advanced theological training (1 Cor. 1:20) Academic knowledge - different from - Wisdom / Common Sense (1 Cor. 1:25 - God’s Wisdom) Worldview, philosophy and theology are alike in being comprehensive in scope, but that they are unlike in that a worldview is pre-scientific, whereas theology and philosophy are scientific. Philosophy - Structure Theology - Direction Worldview - Structure and Direction

6. What is unique about the Reformational Worldview? Nothing apart from God himself falls outside the range of these foundational realities of biblical religion. Lordship of Christ over all creation - 2 Cor. 10:5; Life is religion - 1 Cor. 10:31 Definition of a Reformational Worldview (Herman Bavinck) God the Father has reconciled His created but fallen world through the death of His Son, and renews it into a Kingdom of God by His Spirit. The terms: Reconciled, Created, Fallen, World, Renews, Kingdom of God are held to be cosmic in scope The ministry of reconciliation 2 Cor. 5:17-19

7. Summary Questions 1 - What is a worldview? Explain the four basic components of the definition. 2 - What is the role of worldview in life. In what ways does a worldview serve as a guide to our lives? 3 - What is the relation between Scripture and worldview? 4 - What does Rom 12:2, and 15:4 tell us? 5 - What are the differences between theology, philosophy and worldview? 6 - What is unique about the reformational worldview? In which ways does it differ from other worldviews advocated by Christians? 7- What is the distinction between an integral worldview and a dualistic worldview? 8 - How should we then live? 9 - 10 -

8. Redemption Creation Fall Scriptures Lesson 2, June 13, 1999 Biblical Worldview: Based on Creation An Outline For Discussion Let us sing: This Is My Father’s World • Summary Questions from the first lesson: • What is a worldview? • What is the role of worldview in life. In what ways does a worldview serve as a guide to our lives? • What is the relation between Scripture and worldview? • What is unique about the reformational worldview? What is the distinction between an integral worldview and a dualistic worldview? Introductory Words As Christians we often pay only lip service to the biblical doctrine of creation. We think it important perhaps for refuting evolution, but otherwise we do not place much value on it. Jesus Christ and the redemption He brings are the the focus of Scriptures, but the worldview of the Scriptures does not begin with Christ and salvation. It begins with God and creation. The first article of the Apostles’ Creed emphasizes the Genesis account: “I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth.” This is where Christianity begins. Creation is the starting point. The biblical message is a call from sin to reconciliation with God. But what is sin? And what do words like salvation , redemption and reconciliation mean? It is impossible to offer an answer to these questions if we do not have an implicit idea of creation. For it us creation that is affected by both sin and salvation. To talk about sin we must look at how God’s creatures disobeyed Him and how His creation was distorted. What is salvation but the outworking of God’s love for His creation. In worldview terms we cannot answer the questions “what is wrong?” and “what’s the remedy?’ unless we first address the issues of who we are and where we are? Answering these questions will direct us through the biblical themes of creation, fall and redemption - these themes constitute the basic flow and movement of the Bible. We must remember that these are not merely interesting ideas to be discussed. The worldview of of Scriptures calls the people to commitment and action. Just as we cannot be neutral about the person of Christ and the salvation He offers, we cannot ignore the radical implications of the biblical teaching on creation (Walters). God is not a creator who failed. He does not plan to scrap creation! He is recreating, restoring, redeeming it - making everything new. This is our Father’s world! We are called to participate in His redeeming work. Creation eagerly awaits for it: Rom. 8:18-27.

9. Creation Gen. 1 In the Beginning Activity of creating Cosmos (created order) Continuous Providence The Law of Creation What is the correlation between the creating activity of God and His created order? Beautiful Arrangement 2 Pet. 3:5-7 MAKES RULES CREATOR All Creation Men Necessity Instinct Personal Responsibility Ps. 44:3 ! Natural Laws Biblical Laws Creator’s Sovereign Activity Originating (Gen.1 ); Upholding (Heb. 1:3); Guiding / Ruling (2 Pet. 3:5-7) His : Power, Breath, Word, Rule, Hands, Plan, Will, Call, Decree, Ordinances, Statutes Creation Definition: The Correlation of the sovereign activity of the Creator and the created order. LAW (Creation) Law is the manifestation of God’s sovereignty in creation: the totality of God’s ordering acts toward the cosmos. Ps. 33:9

10. God Imposes His Law on the Cosmos What are the ways in which God imposes His law on the cosmos? Indirectly (through human responsibility) Norms Gen. 1:27 Entrusted to mankind norms for culture and society marriage, government, doing justice,making tools … Directly (direct orders) Laws of Nature gravity, thermodynamics photosynthesis, heredity Gen. 1:1-26 Discovered by physics, chemistry, biology ... Norms can be violated (Gen. 2:15-17) Laws of nature cannot be violated • All of human life, in all its vast array of cultural, societal, and personal relationships, is normed • The almighty Creator lays claims to it all; the absolute King requires His will to be discerned in it all.. What is the difference between “norms” and “laws of nature?” What is the difference between general and particular laws? In the Secularized Western Mind Laws of Nature - Acceptable Norms - Not really They prefer “Values” What is wrong with replacing the word “norms” for the word “value” ? Discuss Ps. 147:15-20 Is there a difference between God’s word of command to snow and His command to His people?

11. The Word of God in Creation In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through Him all things were made; without Him nothing was made that has been made. In Him was life, and the that life was the light of the men. John. 1:1-3 (Creation by Word - Creation by Wisdom) What is the connection between God’s word and His Law (command)? “Fulfilling His Word - Fulfilling His Biding - Obeying His Voice” (Ps. 148: 8) Creatio ex nihilo (Gen.1:1 ) -Creatio secunda (Gen. 1:2) “By the word of the Lord were the heavens made” (Ps. 33:6) “Long ago by God’s word the heavens existed and the earth was formed out of water and with water (2 Pet. 3:5) “By faith we understand that the universe was fashioned by the word of God” (Heb. 11:3) Upholding (Heb. 1: 3) Governing - (Ps. 147: 18, 148:8) Creation took place through Christ - Christ is the “mediator of creation” (John 1:1-3, Col. 1:16, Heb. 1:2, 2:10) Christ is intimately involved in the preservation of creation (holding together - Col. 1:16, 17; sustaining all things - Heb. 1:2,3) Creation by Wisdom: Prov. 8:22-31, Job 28:25-27; Ps. 104:24; Ps. 139:14 Worthy of Worship: Jer. 10:1-16; Ps. 119:89-91 Covenant with creation (creation is a covenantal response to God’s Word) Jer. 33:20-21, 25-26; Ps. 96:9-10 “Let there be light” E = mc2

12. The Scope of Creation What is the scope of creation? • Creation has a scope much broader then the common usage gives it. • Not just realities investigated by natural sciences • All disciplines (sociology, political science, etc.) are under its scope • God’s ordinances also extend to the structures of society • Human civilization is normed throughout. Everywhere we discover limits, standards, criteria. In every field of human affairs there are right and wrong ways of doing things. For everything God created is good. Examples: Marriage and Authority (1 Tim. 4:3-4; Rom. 13:1-2; 1 pet. 2:13) • Culture, education, sexuality, human emotionality … are not normless. Our reasoning is subject to the laws of thought, our speech to semantic principles. • Everything is subject to given laws of God: Everything is creational. • Meaning and purpose is the essence of all that is created.

13. Summary Questions What is the correlation between the creating activity of God and His created order? What is the difference between “norms” and “laws of nature?” What is the connection between God’s word and His Law (command)? What is the scope of creation? What is our response? Ps. 143:10 (Teach me to do your will, for you are my God; may your good Spirit lead me on level ground) James Houston calls the Christian community to a fresh sense of its mission: I appeal to evangelical Christians to use the whole range of their professional skills to speak prophetically about our times. We need deeper analyses of the pathology of scientific, technological social and political evils in our contemporary world, in light of the eternal realities revealed in God’s Word. A new missionary enterprise is involved: to go virtually into every professional area of life, just as in the past we have emphasized the geographical penetration of our world with the gospel. The biblical idea of stewardship of creation balances authority with servanthood. This strikes at the heart of our humanity. Although we are the lords of the earth, we are also servants of God. We are called to exercise our rule in obedient response to God’s ultimate sovereignty. Subduing creation is an issue of covenantal responsibility (Gen. 1:28) This is my father’s world!

14. Redemption Creation Fall Scriptures Lesson #3, June 20, 1999 Rivermont Presbyterian Church College and Career Sunday School Class Biblical Reformational Worldview: The heavens declare the glory of God Based on Creation (2) An Outline For Discussion For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse. Rom. 1:20 • Summary Questions from Lesson # 2 • What is the correlation between the creating activity of God and His created order? • What is the difference between “norms” and “laws of nature?” • What is the connection between God’s word and His Law (command)? • What is the scope of creation? • What is our response? • Introduction • The scope of creation goes beyond the physical realm. From physics to sociology, from biology to economics - everything is creational -all is subjected to God’s given laws. • There is no tension between the universal and particular in God’s law. • God’s law reflects his constancy (universal laws). But He also deals with creation on a particular basis. He who commands snow and makes the wind blow and rain fall, can revert the natural process of the fall (He surprises us with miracles everyday - a testimony). • The primal command to subdue the earth (often called “creation mandate”) is a cultural mandate. In all our activities, by which we interact and/or develop creation, we respond to God’s cultural mandate (in obedience or disobedience). • The major emphasis of the biblical vision of life is wholeness. This vision is both refreshing and life affirming.

15. The Revelation of Creation Theses and Talking Points 1 - The law of creation is revelatory: it imparts knowledge (Ps. 19:1-4). Even the NT stresses God’s revelation in creation (Acts. 14:17; Rom. 1:18-20). 2 - God speaks plainly through his works, but we may opt not to hear Him - however, even the Gentiles, “who do not have the law,” can sense God’s normative demands through creation. 3 - Conscience is the intuitive attunement to creational normatively. (Rom. 2:14-15) 4 - Creational law speaks so loudly that even in the delusions of paganism, its normative demands are driven home into their inmost being. God does not leave Himself unattested; He refutes to be ignored. He asserts Himself in an unmistakably display of His “eternal power and divine nature” so that we cannot fail to take note of the Creator’s claims on our obedience. 5 - Wisdom means ethical conformity to the divine constitution and creation. (Pr. 1:22-23) 6 - The connection between Wisdom and creation is made very explicit in Proverbs. (Prov. 8:22-23, 27-30). Wisdom is beside him like an amon (standard). Wisdom is the standard by which God works. Job 38-4. 7 - The Lord teaches the farmer his business: An explicit example - Isaiah 28:23-29. 8 - The creation order is knowable - this fact is the basis for all human understanding. 9 - Many argue that the creational scheme has been altered by the fall. They fail to recognize the constancy of God’s will for creation, and the power of Jesus Christ in restoring our faculty and discernment. We need spiritual discernment (wisdom and understanding). (Eph. 1:17-18; Rom 12:2; Heb. 5:14; Col. 1:9-10)

16. The Revelation of Creation (contd.) • 10 - Christians of all vocations and walks of life - business executives, farmers, barbers, academics, politicians, educators, homemakers, lawyers - must hear, not only in their private but also in their professional capacities, the well-known exhortation of the apostle, “Do not conform any longer to the pattern of the world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God’s will is - His good, pleasing and perfect will” (Rom. 12:2) • 11 - How does God’s speech in creation relate to His speech on Scripture? Is there a danger in putting too much emphasis on general revelation? Do we not compromise the Reformation’s great principle of Sola Scripture? • 12 - We need to have the guidance of Scripture and the exercise of “sanctified common sense.” • 13 - As a message of salvation the revelation of creation is useless. • 14 - Seeking the council of Scripture: Scripture are spectacles through which we are enabled to read the book of nature. “Thy word is lamp to my feet and a light to my path” (Ps. 119:105) • Just as old or bleary-eyed men and those with weak vision, if you thrust before them a most beautiful volume, even if they recognize it to be some sort of writing, yet can scarcely construe two words, but with the aid of spectacles will begin to read distinctly; so Scripture, gathering up the otherwise confused knowledge of God in our minds, having dispersed our dullness, clearly shows us the true God. John Calvin • 15 - The law is fulfilled in that the shadow is replaced by the substance, and the Jewish law is not longer binding for the people of God. On the other hand, the law is fulfilled in that Christ reaffirms its deepest meaning (Mat. 5:17). • God did the implementing for His people in the Old Testament, while in the NT He in large gives us freedom in Christ to do our own implementing of His norms (the blueprint of the law of creation). (Rom. 2:12; 3:31, 5:20; 6:15; 7:12; 8:2; 10:4-11)

17. Summary Questions 1 - In what sense or senses does creation constitute a revelation? 2 - Do you agree with Walters’ definition of conscience as intuitive attunement to creational normatively? 3 - What are the meanings of wisdom? 4 - How does God rule creation? 5 - Explain the nature and importance of the fundamental knowability of the creation order. 6 - What is meant by spiritual discernment? 7 - How is Scripture comparable to spectacles? Conclusions The heavens declare the glory of God. No excuses, please! The revelation of creation, however, is useless as a message of salvation. The revelation of creation is like a verbal explanation that an architect gives to an incompetent builder who has forgotten how to read the blueprint. With the explanation everything becomes clearer, and the builder can proceed confidently with the task. We need spiritual discernment from Scripture. Praise to God for His complete revelation in Scripture. With the help of our Lord Jesus, the Lord of the Universe, let us celebrate His beautiful creation and obey His command to subdue and develop the earth. We were placed in a garden, but are going to a city. Taking action: seek wisdom; look at creation; make a point to know and name God’s creation; but first and foremost recognize your creator and listen to His Word - Read it daily and meditate on it. And finally let us live by it.

18. Redemption Creation Fall Scriptures Lesson # 4, June 27, 1999 Rivermont Presbyterian Church College and Career Sunday School Class Biblical Reformational Worldview: Based on Creation (3) The Cultural Mandate: From a Garden to a City An Outline For Discussion Introduction The heavens are telling of God; the very shape of starry space makes news of His handiwork. One day is brimming over with talk for the next, and each night passes on intimate knowledge to the next night - there is no speaking, no words at all - you can’t hear their voice - but their expression travels throughout the whole earth! Their uttered noises carry to the end of inhabited land. God set up a tent for the sun at the ends of the earth - have you seen the sun?! Beaming forth like a bridegroom from his marriage-bed! The sun laughs joyfully like a strong man glad to run a race: it always rises from the edge of the heavens, and it circles over and around to the (other) ends of the sky - nothing is able to hide from its burning heat. The leading of the Lord God is utterly reliable, bringing people back to life again. The magnificent testimonies of the Lord prove themselves to be everlasting true, making inexperienced young people wise. The commanding words of the Lord are truly straightening, causing one’s heart to laugh and be glad. The task imposed by the Lord is bound to be integrally whole, making one’s eyes shine with insight. Fear of the Lord is cleansing: it stands up for ever and ever. The ordering judgements of the Lord are firmly true - more desirable than gold, yes, than much gold, sweeter than honey, yes, than natural honey of the honeycomb. Let me, your servant, also be warned by these ordinances, Lord, for in keeping them much good results -who can discern all one’s errant missteps?! O Lord set me free from the spoilsome sins kept hidden from my notice! And please hold me back from every overweening presumption - I am your servant, Lord - Do not ever let self-confidence push me around: then I will (finally) be able to be unpretentiously blameless, rid of all the guilt-making rebelliousness… Let the sayings of my mouth and the inarticulate groaning of my heart be something acceptable in front of your face, O Lord God, my rock! the One who always comes through to set me free from my bondage. The Good News of Psalm 19 is that the whole world of rocks and dirt, wind and seas is a chorus of praise to the Almighty Lord of heaven and earth, not metaphorically, but literally. And Psalm 19 proclaims that the ways of God set up creation and assigns tasks in history are paths of shalom when they are followed in covenant with Him. Psalm 19 offers a restoring vision and redemptive direction for those who want to join the world-wide chorus of “Praise God from whom all blessings flow” rather than be a human candle-holder looking on blankly as our 20, 40, 60 or 70 years go past like a yesterday. Psalm 19 - Rainbows for the Fallen World by Calvin Seerveld (adapted)

19. The Revelation of Creation (contd.) • Theses and Talking Points • 9 - Many argue that the creational scheme has been altered by the fall. They fail to recognize the constancy of God’s will for creation, and the power of Jesus Christ in restoring our faculty and discernment. We need spiritual discernment (wisdom and understanding). (Eph. 1:17-18; Rom 12:2; Heb. 5:14; Col. 1:9-10) • 10 - Christians of all vocations and walks of life - business executives, farmers, barbers, academics, politicians, educators, homemakers, lawyers - must hear, not only in their private, but also in their professional capacities, the well-known exhortation of the apostle, “Do not conform any longer to the pattern of the world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God’s will is - His good, pleasing and perfect will” (Rom. 12:2) • 11 - How does God’s speech in creation relate to His speech in Scripture? Is there a danger in putting too much emphasis on general revelation? Do we not compromise the Reformation’s great principle of “Sola Scripture”? • 12 - We need to have the guidance of Scripture and the exercise of “sanctified common sense.” • 13 - As a message of salvation the revelation of creation is useless. • 14 - Seeking the council of Scripture: Scripture are spectacles through which we are enabled to read the book of nature. “Thy word is lamp to my feet and a light to my path” (Ps. 119:105) • Just as old or bleary-eyed men and those with weak vision, if you thrust before them a most beautiful volume, even if they recognize it to be some sort of writing, yet can scarcely construe two words, but with the aid of spectacles will begin to read distinctly; so Scripture, gathering up the otherwise confused knowledge of God in our minds, having dispersed our dullness, clearly shows us the true God. John Calvin • 15 - The law is fulfilled in that the shadow is replaced by the substance, and the Jewish law is not longer binding for the people of God. On the other hand, the law is fulfilled in that Christ reaffirms its deepest meaning (Mat. 5:17). • God did the implementing for His people in the Old Testament, while in the NT He in large gives us freedom in Christ to do our own implementing of His norms (the blueprint of the law of creation). (Rom. 2:12; 3:31, 5:20; 6:15; 7:12; 8:2; 10:4-11)

20. The Revelation of Creation (contd.) • Structure of Creational Normativity • Fifteen aspects of reality in which all human activity takes place: • 1- arithmetic (discrete, individual, separate entities) • 2- spatial (continuous extension) • 3- kinematics (movement) • 4- physical (energy) • 5- biotic (life) • 6- sensitive (feeling) • 7- analytical / logical (making distinction) • 8- historical (human culture) • 9- lingual (communications) • 10- social (interactions of human beings) • 11- economic (stewardship) • 12- aesthetic (harmony) • 13- juridical (justice) • 14- moral / ethical (love) • 15- pistic (faith) • Examples: A tulip, the launching of a manned space craft, etc...

21. The Development of Creation: From a Garden to a City • 1 - Is the creation process finished with the creation of man? • Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it; rule over the fish of the sea, and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground. Gen. 1:28 • The Lord God took man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it. Gen. 2:15. • 2 - We must must now carry on the work of development by being fruitful, and subdue the earth. The development of the created earth is societal and cultural in nature (civilization). Mistakes: The tower of Babel, etc. • 3 - The creational or cultural mandate is of such fundamental importance for the whole history of revelation, and therefore for a biblical worldview. • 4 - History is the generational unfolding and opening up of the possibilities hidden in the womb of creation, both natural and human. • Gen 2:4 “These are the generations of heavens and of earth when they were created” (KJV). • Generations = historical developments arising out of ... • 5 - Creation is not something that, once, made, remains a static quantity. • 6 - If we see that human history and the unfolding of culture and society are integral to creation and its development, that they are not outside God’s plans for the cosmos, despite the sinful aberrations, but rather were built in from the beginning, were part of the blueprint that we never understood before, then we will be much more open to the positive possibilities for service to God in such areas as politics and film arts, computer technology, and and business administration, developmental economics, skydiving, and soccer!

22. The Development of Creation: From a Garden to a City 7 - The discussion of creational development can easily give the impression of a humanistic cultural optimism. There is always something unreal and dangerous about talking of the development of creation apart from sin and redemption. 8 - The ravages of sin, however, do not annihilate the normative creational development of civilization, but are rather parasitical upon it. 9 - The new heaven and the new earth the Lord has promised will be a continuation, purified by fire, of the creation we now know. Rev. 21:1 10 - Describing the new earth as the new Jerusalem, John writes that “the kings of the earth will bring their splendor into it ... The glory and honor of the nations will be brought into it” Rev. 21: 24,26. This very likely refers to the cultural treasures of mankind being purified by the fires of judgment, like gold in a crucible. 11 - But what about 2 Peter 3:10? Discuss 12 - Read also 2 Peter 3:6-7-13. Does “destruction” here mean annihilation? 13 - There is no reason to doubt that the works of man will be transfigured and transformed by their liberation from the curse, but they will be in essential continuity with our experience now - just as our resurrected bodies, though glorified, will still be bodies. It may be, as Herman Bavinck has suggested, that human life on the new earth, compared to that life now, will be like the colorful butterfly that develops out of the pupa: dramatically different, but the same creature. Perhaps the most fitting symbol of the developments of creation from the primordial past to the eschatological future is the fact that the Bible begins with a garden and ends with a city - a city filled with “the glory and honor of the nations.” And as He spoke He no longer looked like a lion; but the things that began to happen after that were so great and beautiful that I cannot write about them. And for us this is the end of all stories, and we can most truly say that they all lived happy ever after. But for them it was only the beginning of the real story. All their life in this world and all their adventures in Narnia had only been the cover and the title page: now at last they were beginning Chapter One of the Great Story, which no one on earth has read: which goes on for ever: in which every chapter is better than the one before. The Last Battle. C.S. Lewis

23. Summary Questions and Conclusion 1 - In what sense or senses does creation constitute a revelation? 2 - Do you agree with Walters’ definition of conscience as intuitive attunement to creational normatively? 3 - What are the meanings of wisdom? 4 - How does God rule creation? 5 - Explain the nature and importance of the fundamental knowability of the creation order. 6 - What is meant by spiritual discernment? 7 - How is Scripture comparable to spectacles? 8 - How does the development of creation imply civilization? 9 - What is meant by the creation or cultural mandate, especially in relation to history or the historical process? 10 - What is unreal about addressing the development of creation apart from sin and redemption? 11 - Describe how gnosticism and humanism deny the goodness of creation. Be familiar with 1 Tim. 4:4 Conclusion Religion is distinct from worship. Religion encompasses our whole life, whereas worship is only a small part of it. We are active in worship when we pray, participate in a church service, or take the sacraments. We also have a divine calling outside of the narrow sphere of worship. We are to perform our tasks for the Lord through faith and to seek to attain His honor and glory by walking in the Covenant and withdrawing nothing from Him. The entire life of a believer is religious. To worship is not any more pleasing to God than to be engaged in science, engineering or any other God-given task. Our labor is not vain in the Lord, but will further the coming of His Kingdom. “For now we see in a mirror, darkly; but then face to face; now I know in part; but then shall I know even as I have been known.” (I Cor. 13:12) Schedule July 4 Fall The Scope of the Fall, The Relation of Sin and Creation, July 11 Fall Structure and Direction, World as Perverted Creation July 18- Redemption Salvation as Restoration, The Kingdom of God July 25 Redemption Jesus’ Ministry, Comparison with Other Views of the Kingdom, Illustration August 1 Discerning Structure and Direction Reformation August 8 Discerning Structure and Direction Societal Renewal August 15 Discerning Structure and Direction Personal Renewal August 22 General Discuss - Recap

24. Lesson # 5, July 4, 1999 Redemption Creation Fall Scriptures Rivermont Presbyterian Church College and Career Sunday School Class Biblical Reformational Worldview: Fall (1) The Whole Creation Has Been Groaning The creation waits in eager expectation for the sons of God to be revealed. For the creation was subjected to frustration, not by its own choice, but by the will of the one who subjected it, in hope that the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay and brought into the glorious freedom of the children of God. We know that the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time (Rom. 8:19-22) An Outline For Discussion Introduction It is our responsibility to serve the Lord our Creator, and yet we are not forced to do so. It is possible to disobey, to depart from who we are called to be. And this possibility became reality in the Fall. The Fall has cosmic implications. It affected society, culture, personal lives, and the nonhuman world. As we study the first chapter of Romans we see that we live in God’s world and are intuitively aware that there is a powerful creator worthy of our worship. But we suppress this knowledge. Rom. 8 reveals the extent of the Fall to the nonhuman world. And because of the Fall and our religious nature, if we do not worship God, we will worship a false god. The consequences are fatal: Idols are the root of disobedience. (Ex. 20:4). But thanks to God for providing redemption through His Son, Creator, Sustainer and Redeemer. Now Choose Life (Dt. 30:19-20)

25. The Scope of the Fall Theses and Talking Points 1 - The Bible teaches that Adam and Eve’s fall into sin was not just an isolated act of disobedience but an event of catastrophic significance for creation as a whole. (Gen. 3:17-19-21) 2 - The effects of sin touch all of creation; no created thing is in principle untouched by the corrosive effects of the fall. Whether we look at societal structures (family, state) or cultural pursuits (art and technology), or bodily functions (sexuality, eating) we discover that the good handiwork of God has been drawn into the sphere of human mutiny against God. It is creation that is tainted by sin throughout. (Gal. 5:16-26) 3 - Examples Marriage (distortions: divorce, serial monogamy, etc.); State (distortions totalitarianism, tyranny, etc.); Political Systems (distortions: response to the pressure of special interest groups, etc.); Creational Structures (economies, environmental, etc); Arts (bad taste); Science and Technology (technicism, etc). (Rom. 1:21-32) 4 - Distortion is perhaps most obvious in our personal lives, where the effects of the fall are most readily recognized by Christians. Murder, adultery, theft, blasphemy, etc. (Rom. 3:19-20) 5 - The Bible even ties bodily sickness to the root cause of sinfulness (1 Cor. 11:30). 6 - The Bible teaches that all evil and perversity in the world is ultimately the result of humanity's fall, and is clearly manifested in personal, cultural and societal distortions 7 - The effects of sin range more widely than the arena of human affairs, it touches even the nonhuman world. (Gen. 3:17). “Curse is the ground because of you.” What is the nature of the fall and its effect on societal, cultural, personal lives and on the nonhuman world?

26. The Relation of Sin and Creation Theses and Talking Points 1- The Bibles makes clear that sin neither abolishes nor becomes identified with creation. Creation and sin remain distinct, however closely they may be intertwined in our experience. Prostitution does not eliminate the goodness of human sexuality; political tyranny cannot wipe out the divinely ordained character of the state. 2 - Though fundamentally distinct from the good creation, sin attaches itself to creation like a parasite. Hatred, for example, has no place within God's good creation. Nevertheless, hatred cannot exist without the creational substratum of human emotion, and healthy assertiveness. 3 - John Calvin: “we must distinguish between “the order of creation” and “the order of sin and redemption,” which relate to each other as health relates to sickness-and-healing.” C.S. Lewis: Goodness is, so to speak, itself: badness is spoiled goodness … Evil is a parasite, not the original thing. 4 - The perversion of creation must never be understood as a subdistinction within the order of creation, nor must creation ever be explained as a function of perversion and redemption. 5 - We may say that sin and evil always have a character of a caricature - that is, of a distorted image that nevertheless embodies recognizable features. A human being after the fall is still a human being. A Humanistic school is still a school. A broken relationship is still a relationship, Muddled thinking is still thinking. In each case, that something in fallen creation “still is” points to the enduring goodness of creation - that is to say, to the faithfulness of God in upholding the created order despite the ravages of sin... Creation will not be suppressed in any final sense. Sin neither abolishes nor becomes identified with creation SIN = Disobedience = Distortion Distorted Wave Original Wave

27. Summary Questions and Conclusion 1 - Describe how gnosticism and humanism deny the goodness of creation (from chapter 2). 1 Tim. 4:4 2 - What is the nature of the fall and its effect on societal, cultural, personal lives and on the nonhuman world?Rom. 8:19-22 3 - Explain the importance of the following statements concerning the relation between sin and creation: a- Sin neither abolishes nor becomes identified with creation b- The perversion of creation must never be understood as a sub-distinction within the order of creation, nor must creation ever be explained as a function of perversion and redemption. 4 - Sin is alien in creation. Explain. Conclusion Although God still calls us to obediently execute our cultural and creational tasks, the Devil bids us to pledge allegiance to his renegade kingdom and so to deny our true calling. The insightful words of CS Lewis cut to the heart of our post-Fall situation: “There is no neutral ground in the universe: every square inch, every split second, is claimed by God and counterclaimed by Satan.” Schedule July 4 Fall The Scope of the Fall, The Relation of Sin and Creation, July 11 Fall Structure and Direction, World as Perverted Creation July 18- Redemption Salvation as Restoration, The Kingdom of God July 25 Redemption Jesus’ Ministry, Comparison with Other Views of the Kingdom, Illustration August 1 Discerning Structure and Direction Reformation August 8 Discerning Structure and Direction Societal Renewal August 15 Discerning Structure and Direction Personal Renewal August 22 General Discussion - Recap Action August 29 General Discussion - Recap Action

28. Lesson # 6, July 11, 1999 Redemption Creation Fall Scriptures Rivermont Presbyterian Church College and Career Sunday School Class Biblical Reformational Worldview: Fall (2) Every area of creation cries out for redemption and the coming of the kingdom of God. The creation waits in eager expectation for the sons of God to be revealed. For the creation was subjected to frustration, not by its own choice, but by the will of the one who subjected it, in hope that the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay and brought into the glorious freedom of the children of God. We know that the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time (Rom. 8:19-22) We demolish arguments and every pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God, and we take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ. (2 Cor. 10:5) You are the salt of the earth. But if salt loses its saltiness, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out and tramped by men. Mat. 3:13 An Outline For Discussion Introduction Like exiles in a strange land, we live in constant tension of being redeemed from sin, yet still being sinful and still living in a world of sin. We must accept and affirm the creational / cultural and evangelistic mandates by thinking of ourselves as citizens of a heavenly kingdom, by not loving the world, by not looking for an enduring city here on earth, but “looking for the city that is to come” (Heb 13:14). We are not builders of the prevailing culture, but neither we are slaves. We live and exist in a state of tension with the prevailing culture. We live in it but we are also separate from it. Love for God demands this status of exile, but the same love demands involvement: the act of turning toward and addressing that culture in love. The proper response is neither one of avoidance and negation nor one of accommodation. It means living by the inspiration of another cultural dynamic and following the biblical normative principles rather than those of the prevailing in modern secular culture. Our motivation - namely, the desire to live and work by the power of the love and grace of God - is diametrically opposed to the will-to-power motive of the secular culture. As exiles we should realize that it is unlikely that we will completely remake the society in which we live. We must be faithful and obedient. But we need to realize that our faithfulness and obedience will meet with strong resistance from the dominant secular culture. The kingdom of God is not the culmination of our cultural efforts. Nevertheless, He calls us to proclaim His Lordship in all that He has created.

29. With respect to the relationship of structure and direction, explain the following statements: • a- creation is like a leash which keeps the vicious dog in check. • b. structure is never entirely obliterated by (mis)direction • c. evil is not inherent in the human condition • d. the law is like a spring. Structure and Direction Theses and Talking Points 1 - Structure: refers to the “order of creation” and is anchored in the law of creation. Direction: designates the order of sin(distortion and perversion) and redemption (restoration of the creation in Christ) 2 - Anything in creation can be directed either toward or away from God – obedience or disobedience. 3 - To the degree that these realities fail to live up to God’s creational design for them they are misdirected, abnormal and distorted. 4 - Creation is like a leash that keeps a vicious dog in check. Redemption in this image is the uncanny power by which the dog’s master persuades it to become friendly and cooperative, so that the dog no longer strains at the leash but seeks guidance from it. 5 - The structure of all creational givens persists despite their directional perversion. The structure anchored in God’s faithfulness sets a limit on the corruption and bondage wrought by evil. 6 - Direction is given through God’s goodness to believers and unbelievers alike: “common grace” or “conserving grace.” 7 - God never lets go of His creatures. Read 1Tim 4 - Gnosticism blame part of God’s handiwork for the ills of the world we live in. 8 - The Bible is unique in its uncompromising rejection of all attempts to compromise structure and direction (there is no corruption before the fall). All other religions and worldviews in one way or another fall into this trap. 9 - Evil is not inherent in the human condition: there once was a completely good creation and there will be again; hence, the restoration of creation is not impossible. 10 - Finally, creational law impinges upon its created subjects. The law is like a spring that can be pressed down or pushed out of sight only with great effort and that continues to make its presence felt even when repressed for a long time. The “structure” of a thing is the law that is in force for it, and no amount of repression or pervasion will ever succeed in nullifying its presence and effect. For example, the call for justice is present in the midst of tyranny

30. “World” as Perverted Creation Theses and Talking Points What are the meanings of the word “world” in the Bible? 1. The word “world” is used in a number of different ways in the Bible - meaning: creation (Ps. 50:12), the inhabited earth (Rom. 1:8); or perverted creation (Jo.18:36; Rom. 12:2; Col.2:8; James 1:27; 2 Pe.2:20). 2. World: the totality of unredeemed life dominated by sin outside Christ.: the opposite of created goodness. 3. Dualistic definition of world: secular and sacred. This compartmentalization is a very great error: it implies for example that there is no worldliness in the church, and no holiness in, for example, politics. 5. Consider Christ’s words: “My kingdom is not of this world.” This is not an argument against Christian involvement in, for example, arts. Instead, Jesus was saying that His kingdom does not arise out of the perverted earth but derives from heaven. 6. Christians have themselves to blame for the rapid secularization of the west. If politics, arts, journalism, etc. are essentially branded as worldly or profane, is it surprising that Christians have not more effectively stemmed the tide of humanism in our culture? 7. Outside the service of God there is only bondage, witting or unwitting slavery to Satan. Where the creature does not find its freedom in responding obediently to the creator's norms, there it enters bondage. 8. Satan stands at the head of a whole hierarchy of evil spirits who seek to twist and spoil the good gifts of the creator, and is rooted in human sinfulness. (Sin is bondage to Satan yet the excuse Satan made me do it is never valid!). To the degree that these spirits are successful, creation loses its luster, becoming ugly rather than beautiful. ( John 12:31) 9. The sum total of human evil and rottenness in creation (i.e. world) is therefore the result of both human sin and the creature's enslavement to the evil. 10. When Paul tell us to put to death the “members which are upon the earth (Col3:5) and that “their mind is not on earthly things” (Phil. 3;19), he is referring to to the fallen and corrupted earth, not to the earth that was declared “very good” in Genesis. And when Paul says: “Set your mind on things above, not on earthly things” (Col.3:2) he does not mean that such things as sexuality and sports and carpentry are evil in themselves - he means they are corrupted and polluted compared to the perfection of Gods dwelling place. To them to we must apply the petition: Thy will be done on earth as in heaven"

31. Summary Questions and Conclusion • 1 - Explain the meaning of structure and direction. • 2 - With respect to the relationship of structure and direction, explain the following statements: • a- creation is like a leash which keeps the vicious dog in check. • b. structure is never entirely obliterated by (mis)direction • c. evil is not inherent in the human condition • d. the law is like a spring. • 3 - What are the three meanings of the word “world” in the Bible? • Conclusion • The fall affects the whole range of earthly creation: sin is a parasite on and not part of creation: sin profanes all things, making them worldly and secular, earthly. Every area of creation cries out for redemption and the coming of the kingdom of God. • Christians in these “last days” are therefore called to engage in the imaging task as ministers of reconciliation. That is our redemptive task: it is the vocation of the body of Christ to work together in a fallen world, seeking to bring the forgiveness, healing and renewal of God’s rule to bear on every area of life. Individuals need to repent, and cultural patterns need to be redirected. Obedience to Christ requires no less. That is the full radical depth of the gospel. • Our Lamb has conquered, let us follow Him. Schedule July 11 Fall Structure and Direction, World as Perverted Creation July 18- Redemption Salvation as Restoration, The Kingdom of God July 25 Redemption Jesus’ Ministry, Comparison with Other Views of the Kingdom, Illustration August 1 Discerning Structure and Direction Reformation August 8 Discerning Structure and Direction Societal Renewal August 15 Discerning Structure and Direction Personal Renewal August 22 General Discussion - Recap Action August 29 General Discussion - Recap Action

32. Lesson # 7, July 18, 1999 Redemption Creation Fall Scriptures Rivermont Presbyterian Church College and Career Sunday School Class Biblical Reformational Worldview: Redemption (1) I am making everything new! “For God was pleased to have all His fullness dwell in Him, and through Him to reconcile to Himself all things, whether things on earth or things in heaven, by making peace through His blood, shed on the cross.” Col. 1:19-20 “He who was seated on the throne said, I am making everything new!” Rev. 21:5 “All this is from God, who reconciled us to Himself through Christ, and gave us the ministry of reconciliation.” 2 Cor. 5:18 An Outline For Discussion Introduction We have seen how the concept of creation must be taken much more broadly and seriously than Christians ordinarily take it. We have also discussed how mankind’s fall into sin affects the entire creation. All of this has been preparation for making the basic point that the redemption achieved by Jesus Christ is cosmic in the sense that it restores the whole creation. This confession has two parts. The first is that redemption means restoration - that is, the return to the goodness of an originally good creation and not merely the addition of something supercreational. The second is that this restoration affects the whole of creational life and not merely some limited area within it. Both of these affirmations are crucial to an integral biblical worldview, and both are pregnant with important consequences for Christian discipleship. A. Walters

33. Explain how redemption, restoration, and renewal mean re-creation Salvation as Restoration Theses and Talking Points 1 - It is quite striking that virtually all the basic words describing salvation in the Bible imply a return to an original good state or situation. Redemption (buy back), Renewal, Regeneration, Restoration, Reconciliation. Acknowledging this scriptural emphasis, theologians have sometimes spoken of salvation as “re-creation” (Eph. 1:7; 1:14; Col. 1:14; Heb. 9:12; 2 Cor. 4:16; Tit. 3:4; Lam. 5:21; 1 Pet. 5:10; Nahum 2:2, 2 Cor. 5:18) 2 - The implications are many. Marriage should not be avoided, but sanctified; Emotions should not be repressed, but purified; Sexuality is not simply to be shunned, but redeemed; Politics should not be declared off-limits, but reformed. 3 - Redemption is not a matter of an addition of a spiritual or supernatural dimension to creaturely life that was lacking before; rather, it is a matter of bringing new life and vitality to what was there all along. 4 - The only thing that redemption adds that is not included in the creation is the remedy for sin, and that remedy is brought in solely for the purpose of recovering a sinless creation. 5 - In the language of theology, grace does not bring a gift added on top of creation; rather, grace restores nature, making it whole once again 6 - The scope of creation is as great as that of the fall; it embraces creation as a whole. 7 - What distinguishes a reformational worldview is its understanding of the radical and universal scope of both sin and redemption. There is something totalitarian about the claims of both Satan and Christ; nothing in all of creation is neutral in the sense it is untouched by the dispute between these two great adversaries. 8 - The Kingdom of God - Are you an “Already”, “Not Yet’ or “Already - Not Yet” Christian?

34. Conclusions Although the biblical basis for the consistent partnership between evangelism and cultural and social responsibility and action is well established, a number of objections to it are raised: 1 - Isn’t this cultural, creational and social concern the same as “liberal/social theology? No! Liberal/social theology attempts to equate the cultural / social liberation with the “salvation’ which Christ came, died and rose to win, and this a fatal mistake. 2 - Isn’t it impossible to expect cultural and social change unless people are converted? No, it isn’t ‘t. Of course we long for people to be converted. But Jesus Christ through his people has had an enormous influence foe good on society as a whole. Think, for example, of the rising standards of health and hygiene, the wider availability of education, the growing respect of women and children, the concern with human rights and civil liberties, better conditions in factory, mine and prison, and the abolition of slavery and the slave trade. Legislation can secure social improvement, even though it does not convert people or make them good. Even fallen human beings retain sufficient vestiges of the divine image to prefer justice to injustice, freedom to oppression, and peace to violence. 3 - Won’t commitment to cultural and social action distract us from evangelism? Yes, it might, but no, it need not. Certainly we should take warning of this possibility. We should be grateful for evangelical watchdogs who bark loud and long if they see any signs in us of a diminished commitment to evangelism. But if we live in the light of Jesus' death, resurrection and ascension, our incentives to evangelism will be continuously renewed at the perennial spring. In particular, His exaltation to the supreme place of honor will inspire us to desire that He be given glory due to His name. Then cultural, creational and social action, far from diverting us from evangelism, will make it more effective by rendering the gospel more visible and more credible. Our radical commitment to the Lordship of Christ involves several dimensions: Intellectual, Moral, Vocational, Social, Political and Global. His is Lord - over all things - Let us honor and praise Him in everything we do. It will not be easy - recognizing it is the first step. Schedule July 11 Fall Structure and Direction, World as Perverted Creation July 18 Redemption Salvation as Restoration, The Kingdom of God July 25 Redemption Jesus’ Ministry, Comparison with Other Views of the Kingdom, Illustration August 1 Discerning Structure and Direction Reformation August 8 Discerning Structure and Direction Societal Renewal August 15 Discerning Structure and Direction Personal Renewal August 22 General Discussion - Recap Action August 29 General Discussion - Recap Action