Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

1. Copy this chart onto notebook page 21. (You may want to turn your notebook sideways) Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

2. Lesson 6.1: Tighter British Control How did new British laws lead to greater tension between Parliament and American colonists?

3. Vocabulary • describe – give details about • revenue – income for the government, often through taxes • levy – establish and collect a tax • frontier – the edge of the wilderness • quartering – giving or receiving shelter and aid

4. Check for Understanding • What are we going to do today? • How would you describe your car? • How does the government get its revenue? • Where did you quarter last night? • Who is quartering you tonight? • What is something that would NOT be found on the frontier?

5. What We Already Know Under the Magna Carta of 1215, British subjects could not be taxed without the consent of their elected representatives in Parliament.

6. What We Already Know Between 1754 and 1763, Britain fought France in the French and Indian War, and under the Treaty of Paris, gained control of all the land in North America east of the Mississippi.

7. What We Already Know When British settlers began moving across the mountains onto Native American land after the war, Indians began attacking settlers and British soldiers were called in to defend the colonists.

8. The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart • Before the French and Indian War, self-government in the American colonies grew. • Salutary neglect – Parliament left the colonies alone

9. A ask B • What was the period of salutary neglect? • The period of salutary neglect was a time when Parliament rarely enforced its laws in the colonies, leaving them to manage their own affairs. • Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

10. The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart • The costs of the war with France and of defending the frontier settlers threatened to ruin Britain unless changes were made. • In 1763, Parliament began to reassert its authority over the colonies starting with the Proclamation of 1763.

11. The Proclamation of 1763 • To prevent new Native American uprisings against the colonists, the British government passed the Proclama–tion of 1763. • This law banned new settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains.

12. The Proclamation of 1763 • The act caused tensions to grow between Parliament and the American colonists.

13. The Proclamation of 1763 • The act caused tensions to grow between Parliament and the American colonists. • The colonists were proud to have fought along–side the British army against the French and their Indian allies. • But they also felt they had won the right to settle the Ohio River Valley because they helped defeat the French.

14. The Proclamation of 1763 • The law angered many colonists, who decided to ignore it and settled the area anyway. • The British government was angry, because the colonists were putting themselves at risk, but refusing to pay for their own defense. • Resentment began to divide the colonies and Britain.

15. Put the following events in chronological order:(Which happened first, second, etc.) • Pontiac’s Rebellion • French and Indian War • Colonists became angry with Britain. • The Proclamation of 1763

16. Check for Understanding • After defeating the French and driving them from North America, what was Britain’s problem? • What was their solution to this problem? • How did the colonists react to the Proclamation of 1763?

17. Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

18. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

19. Whiteboard Policies • Use the marker only to write your answers – no doodling, no coloring, no fancy letters, etc. • Put the cap on your marker when you’re not using it. • Display your answers by holding your boards under your chin (“Chin it!”) • When the period is over, leave the whiteboard with the marker and eraser on your desk top.

20. 1. Why did the British government need revenue from the colonies after 1763? • To pay for the French and Indian War • To buy gifts for the Indians • To keep troops in North America • To finance a new war against Spain • To purchase new western lands Choose all that are true!

21. British Troops and Taxes In order to enforce the proclamation and to maintain the peace, King George III decided to keep 10,000 soldiers in the colonies, which would be very expensive.

22. British Troops and Taxes • In 1765, Parliament passed the Quartering Act, which required colonists to give food and housing to British troops. • Colonists could pay for the construction of barracks for the soldiers, or they could take them into their homes. • Colonists were deeply angered by the Quartering Act.

23. Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses • Quartering Act – colonists must house & feed British soldiers • Anger and resentment; complained to each other

24. British Troops and Taxes Even with the Quartering Act, the British government still needed money to help repay its debts from the French and Indian War and to pay for troops to guard the frontier.

25. British Troops and Taxes • In 1764, Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which levied a tax on sugar, molasses, and certain other imports. • This was the first tax passed by the government without asking for the approval of colonial governments.

26. Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act • Colonists complained that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies, since the colonists were not represented in Parliament. • Parliament disagreed, because colonists were subjects of Britain, and had the protection of its laws.

27. Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act • As Otis exclaimed, “Tax-ation without represen–tation is tyranny!” • British finance minister George Grenville disagreed, saying that the colonists were subjects of Britain, and enjoyed the protection of its laws. • For that reason, Grenville argued, they were subject to taxation.

28. Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

29. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

30. Whiteboard Policies • Use the marker only to write your answers – no doodling, no coloring, no fancy letters, etc. • Put the cap on your marker when you’re not using it. • Display your answers by holding your boards under your chin (“Chin it!”) • When the period is over, leave the whiteboard with the marker and eraser on your desk top.

31. 2. Why did the Sugar Act make some colonists angry? • They felt that Britain had no right to tax them directly. • They objected to being required to buy sugar. • The tax made sugar too expensive for most people to afford. • They were not represented in Parliament. • It reduced the penalties for smuggling. Choose all that are true!

32. Britain Passes the Stamp Act • The Stamp Act (1765) created revenue by levying a tax on legal and commercial documents. • It required colonists to buy and place stamps on many goods such as diplomas, contracts, and newspapers. • While the Sugar Act had mainly affected merchants and importers, the Stamp Act affected all colonists directly. But the Stamp Act was different from the Sugar Act in one important way.

33. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

34. 3. What was the Stamp Act? • It levied a tax on all legal and commercial documents. • It was a direct tax on all the colonists, unlike the Sugar Act. • It gave the colonies representation in Parliament. • It reduced the penalties for smuggling. • It replaced the Sugar Act as a way of generating revenue. Choose all that are true!

35. 4. How was the Stamp Act different from the Sugar Act? • The Stamp Act was passed by Parliament, but the colonial assemblies passed the Sugar Act. • The Sugar Act reduced the penalties for smuggling, while the Stamp Act increased them. • Unlike the Stamp Act, the Sugar Act was meant to create revenue. • The Stamp Act taxed the colonists while the Sugar Act taxed trade.

36. Protests Against the Stamp Act • Once again, “No taxation without representation!” was the colonial battle cry. • Delegates from nine colonies met in New York City (the Stamp Act Congress) and drew up a petition of protest to the king. • They insisted that only the colonial assemblies – not Parliament – could tax the colonies.

37. Colonial Merchants Protested • They organized a boycott of British goods (a refusal to buy goods). • Secret groups (e.g., the Sons of Liberty) formed, and began to organize protests against British policies.

38. Colonial Protests • The Sons of Liberty burned stamped paper and attacked customs officials who collected the tax, tarring and feathering them and parading them in public. • Many frightened officials quit their jobs.

39. Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

40. B ask A: How did the colonists react to the Stamp Act? Colonists reacted to the Stamp Act by organizing protests and boycotts, creating secret societies, and petitioning the king. A: Be sure to restate the question in your answer!

41. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

42. Whiteboard Policies • Use the marker only to write your answers – no doodling, no coloring, no fancy letters, etc. • Put the cap on your marker when you’re not using it. • Display your answers by holding your boards under your chin (“Chin it!”) • When the period is over, leave the whiteboard with the marker and eraser on your desk top.

43. 5. Why did colonial assemblies send delegates to the Stamp Act Congress? • To protest “taxation without representation” under the Stamp Act • To write an alternative tax plan to send to Parliament • To vote against the Stamp Act and thus keep it from being enforced in the colonies • To discuss a plan for making the colonies independent from England.

44. 6. What is a boycott? A protest in which people • withhold their taxes from the government. • refuse to buy goods. • write letters to government officials. • march in public demonstrations.

45. 7. How did colonists react to the Stamp Act? • They drew up a petition to the king. • They burned the stamped paper and attacked customs officials. • They disbanded the Sons of Liberty. • They assembling representatives at the Stamp Act Congress. • They began gathering weapons and training soldiers. Choose all that are true!

46. Repeal of the Stamp Act • British merchants, whose trade had been hurt by the boycotts, began to complain to Parliament. • Under pressure from home and the colonies, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766. • At the same time, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act. • “Parliament has the right to govern and tax the colonies!”

47. Reaction to the Declaratory Act • Colonists celebrated the repeal of the Stamp Act. • Most ignored the Declaratory Act. • But the tension between the colonies and the British government would continue to grow.

48. A ask B: How did the colonists react to the Declaratory Act? Colonists reacted to the Declaratory Act by ignoring it. B: Be sure to restate the question in your answer!

49. Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

50. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!