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Physics of X-ray All Sky Monitors and MAXI Mission for International Space Station

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Physics of X-ray All Sky Monitors and MAXI Mission for International Space Station. M.Matsuoka(1),

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Physics of X-ray All Sky Monitors and MAXI Mission for International Space Station

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  1. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Physics of X-ray All Sky Monitors and MAXI Mission for International Space Station M.Matsuoka(1), H.Katayama(1), K.Kawasaki(1), N.Kuramata(1), M.Morii(1), N.Tomida(1), S.Ueno(1), T.Yokota(1), T.Mihara(2), N.Isobe(2), M.Kohama(2), I.Sakurai(2), M.Nakajima(2), H.Tsunemi(3), E.Miyata(3), N.Kawai(4), J.Kataoka(4), A.Yoshida(5) and H.Negoro(6) (1)JAXA(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), (2)RIKEN, (3)Osaka Univ., (4)Tokyo Inst. Tech., (5)Aoyama G. Univ., and (6)Nihon Univ. APRIM 2005, Bali, 2005 July 26-29

  2. Contents • Wide Field Camera vs. Narrow Field Telescope • History of ASM • Scientific Results with ASM • MAXI Mission • MAXI Mission • MAXI Hardware / Sensitivity • MAXI Ground System • Multi-wavelength Observations with MAXI • Summary

  3. Observe many targets together continuously Transient & bursting objts Discovery, then inform to general observatories Long-term variability of many targets Wide field sky population of X-ray sources Redshift: l/l0 ~ 10 ? Observe only one target precisely for a certain time A scheduled target Follow up observations after ASM information Short-term variability of some scheduled targets Detailed obs. of spectra and structure in narrow fov. Redshift: l/l0 ~ 7 ASM vs. Narrow Field TelescopeASM Narrow Field Telescope

  4. History of ASM

  5. Wide band spectrum of Blazar Ｅvidence of SSC model! Mrk 421 RadioOpticalX-ray1012γ-ray1015γ-ray

  6. MAXI Mission • Promotion of Multi-wavelength Observations. • Dynamics of Galactic and Extra-galactic Objects. • Close Binary X-ray sources（Black holes, Neutron stars） • Active Galactic Nuclei（Giant black holes, Cosmic jets） • Creation of Data Base for Variable X-ray Sources. • hours, days, months, year since 1960 era! • Large Scale Mapping of Diffuse X-ray Sky. • Soft X-ray Sky (Galactic ridge structure with atomic compon’t) • CXB Fluctuation detection: <1 % @ 1.5 deg.2for two years.

  7. MAXI scans almost the whole sky once every orbit (= every 90 mins) Two-Year Mission on the Space Station

  8. Radiator for X-ray CCDs Grapple Fixture for a robot arm Electronics Optical Star Sensor Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC) : X-ray CCD Gas Slit Camera (GSC) : X-ray gas proportional counter MAXI Payload 100cm PIU GPS ATCS 80cm RLG 180cm Total weight: 490 kg

  9. Specification of MAXI 1.5 deg (FWHM) 160 deg Thermal Mechanical Model Alert delay

  10. X-ray Nova Light Curvesand MAXIDetectability X-ray spectra are detectable every day Flux (Crab unit) One Crab = 2.4x10-9 erg sec-1 cm-2 Detectable in one day One m Crab Detectable in one week Time (days after outburst) Tanaka & Shibazaki, Annu. Rev.Astron. Astrophys. 34 (1996), 607

  11. Quickness Longer-term & Sensitive Completeness Alert a Month ago, a Week ago, Yesterday, Today X-ray Nova Search Concept Observation NASA/JAXA Real Data Position in FOV Simulation Alert Scan Time First Come First Analyzed NASA Alert On-board Stored Data JAXA Alert On-board Stored Data

  12. Multi-wavelength Observations • X-ray Novae, X-ray Transients Black hole binaries, Neutron star binaries • AGN’s Long-term variability of Blazars, Seyfert galaxies, etc • Multi-Wavelength Observatories • Radio, Optical telescope (small size is OK!) • In Japan Optical telescopes > 60 cm f • MAGNAM (Mauna Kea, Univ. of Tokyo) • GLAST etc (Gamma-ray) • CANGAROO etc (TeV Gamma-ray)

  13. MAXI/ISS Schedule • 2008: ISS-JEM-MAXI completion goal ? • Payloads for ISS (JEM), an omnibus system =Schedule is changeable. =ASM Science would not become out-of-date. • ASM or Monitor astronomy could be one of important sciences? • Please participate in multi-wavelength observations of active astronomical objects with MAXI. • Please contact MAXI team if you are interesting in MAXI! • E-mail:or

  14. Summary • Dynamics of Galactic and Extra-galactic Objects:Multi-wavelength Observations are desirable. • Creation of Data Base for Variable X-ray Sources:Necessity of Continuation of ASM missions. • Large Scale Mapping of Diffuse X-ray Sky: Toward better Energy Resolution, Doppler-shift and Absorption etc at the enery band of 0.5~20 keV. • Please participate in multi-wavelength observations with your telescopes. Please contact by E-mail: or • MAXI launching time: 2008.

  15. Thank you for your attention!

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