Tobacco 101 Barry Sharp, MSHP, CHES Texas Department of State Health Services

1. Tobacco 101 Barry Sharp, MSHP, CHES Texas Department of State Health Services

2. Tobacco = Problem • Nationally – One person dies every 72 seconds from a tobacco related cause. • Texas – One person dies every 22 minutes from a tobacco related cause. • 1,140 youth take up smoking every day; one third of them will die from their habit.

3. Tobacco = Problem • In Comparison, • Every two and a half days, tobacco’s death toll on Americans equals the number of deaths from the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. • In 2006, alcohol-related car wrecks claimed the lives of 1,677 Texans. Tobacco kills more Texans each month.

4. 24,899 Tobacco Use Overweight/Obesity 18,649 Alcohol 11,132 Auto Accidents 3,736 Drugs 2,851 Suicide 2,214 DWI 1,607 Homicide 1,405 AIDS 1,052 Fire 218 Texas Preventable Deaths, 2001

5. Tobacco use will remain the leading cause of preventable illness and death in this Nation and a growing number of other countries until tobacco prevention and control efforts are commensurate with the harm caused by tobacco use. David Satcher, MD, PhD Former U.S. Surgeon General Reducing Tobacco Use, A Report Of the Surgeon General - 2000

6. Tobacco 101 • Prevalence • Tobacco – Products & Chemistry • The Tobacco Industry • Health Effects • Tobacco Laws • Pro-Health Initiatives • The Awareness Class • Best Practices for Schools

7. Tobacco’s Human Toll • 9.5% middle school students smoke. • 24.7% of high school students smoke. • 18.1% of adults smoke. • Deaths in Texas from smoking: • 24,200 adults each year • 503,000 youth alive today will die prematurely from smoking • 2,660 to 4,720 adults, children and babies die from diseases caused by secondhand smoke and pregnancy smoking

8. Tobacco’s Economic Toll • Texas Economic costs: • $1.6 billion in Medicaid • $5.83 billion overall health costs • $10.3 million in fire loss • $11.7 million in highway trash cleanup • $6.44 billion in lost productivity • State and federal tax burden from smoking-caused government expenses - $630 per household • Each pack of cigarettes sold costs the United States $10.28 in health care related costs and lost productivity.

9. Big Tobacco’s Spending • $13.36 billion – tobacco industry marketing expenditures nationwide in 2005. • $884.7 million – estimated portion spent in Texas for marketing in 2005. • $37.63 for every Texas resident • $28.05 every second • $254,500 – political contributions, ‘01-’06 • 1 of 2 U.S. Senators from Texas • 23 of 32 U.S. Representatives from Texas

10. Middle School Tobacco Use

11. High School Tobacco Use

12. Boys vs. Girls

13. Tobacco Use by Race

14. Tobacco Use by Race

15. Tobacco Use by DSHS Region

16. Tobacco Use by DSHS Region

17. Tobacco Use by Grade

18. Texas Synar RatesFederal Tobacco Sales Inspection

19. Methods used by middle school students: Gave someone else money to purchase Borrowed from someone willing to share Stole (often from parents) Other (i.e. Internet) Methods used by high school students: Gave someone else money to purchase Borrowed Bought in store & not asked for ID Other (i.e. Internet) How Youth Get Tobacco

20. Youth Cessation • More than half of youth smokers: • Tried to quit in the past 12 months • Want to completely stop smoking • Tried to quit at least twice • About 8 of 10 current youth smokers: • Think they would be able to quit smoking if they wanted.

21. Nicotine • Naturally occurring addictive substance. Created by nature as an insecticide. (Commercial use banned by EPA.) • Enters the blood stream and travels to brain in less than 10 seconds. • Affects brain cells responsible for memory and mood control. • Stays active for 20 - 40 minutes.

22. Immediate Effects: Increased heart rate Blood vessels constrict Lower skin temperature “Head rush” Long-term Effects: High blood pressure Blockage of blood vessels Reduced effectiveness of immune system Wrinkling of skin Nicotine

23. Effects on the Brain • Dopamine – pleasure, appetite suppression • Norepinephrine – arousal, appetite suppression • Acetylcholine – arousal, cognitive enhancement • Vasopressin – memory improvement • Serotonin – mood modulation, appetite suppression • Beta-endorphin – reduction of anxiety and tension

24. What do tobacco companies think of kids? • Philip Morris: “Today’s teenager is tomorrow’s potential regular customer….” • RJ Reynolds: “…the 14-18 year old group is an increasing segment of the smoking population. RJR-T must soon establish a successful new brand in this market .…”

25. What do tobacco companies think of kids? • Brown & Williamson: “Kool’s stake in the 16- to 25-year-old population segment is such that the value of this audience should be accurately weighted and reflected in current media programs . . . all magazines will be reviewed to see how efficiently they reach this group.” • Lorillard Tobacco: “The base of our business is the high school student.” • U.S. Tobacco: “Cherry Skoal is for somebody who likes the taste of candy, if you know what I’m saying.”

26. Tobacco Marketing • Tobacco companies spent $13.36 billion on U.S. advertising in 2005. • $25,419 per minute • $423.64 per second • DSHS marketing budget for 2006 • $1.5 million for settlement area • $730,000 for statewide media • $4.24 per minute (total for both campaigns) • 7 cents per second (total for both campaigns)

27. Tobacco Marketing • During the 22-minute interval between the deaths of Texans from tobacco-related causes, the tobacco industry will spend more than $37,000 in Texas to make their products appealing in order to replace their dying customers. • How’s that as a reward for customer loyalty?

28. Tobacco Marketing

29. U.S. Cigarette Consumption(In billions of individual cigarettes)

30. Does Marketing Work? • 81.3 percent of youth (12-17) smokers prefer Marlboro, Camel and Newport – three heavily advertised brands. • Marlboro, the most heavily advertised brand, constitutes almost 50 percent of the youth market but only about 40 percent of smokers over age 25. • Youth recall seeing tobacco ads almost 3:1 over adults.

31. Marlboro Man - Altria • Most successful and longest running campaign in tobacco advertising history. Honored by AdWeek as one of the top campaigns of the past century. • Campaign originated in early 1960s. • Images of masculinity and rugged individualism appeal to adolescents struggling to define themselves. • Originally marketed as a woman’s cigarette.

32. Joe Camel – R.J. Reynolds Introduced in 1988. Voluntarily removed from market in 1997. During campaign, Camel’s share of the children’s cigarette market increased from less than 1% to more than 32% by 1993. Joe Camel was as familiar to 6-year-olds as Mickey Mouse.

33. Internet Marketing • In 2000, there were 40 web sites selling tobacco. By 2002, the number ballooned to 200 U.S. and 200 foreign web sites. • Most sellers fail to pay taxes. • Most do not enforce or ignore age requirements. • Texas and Maine regulate tobacco sales over the Internet; New York and Connecticut ban it completely.

34. Health Effects – Short Term • Shortness of breath • Smell in hair and clothes • Discolored teeth and skin • Avoided by non-smokers • Financial costs (Pack/day = $1,700+)

35. Health Effects – Long Term • Cancers of the lung, larynx, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, uterine, cervix and kidney • Heart Disease • Cerebrovascular Accidents (stroke) • Chronic Bronchitis • Emphysema

36. Cessation Smoking cessation is more cost effective than other commonly provided clinical preventive services, including mammography, colon cancer screening, PAP tests, treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and treatment of high cholesterol.

37. Benefits of Quitting • Begin within 20 minutes of quitting. • Within 1 year, risk of heart disease is half that of a smoker. • Within 5 years, risk of cancers of lung, mouth and esophagus are half that of a smoker. • Within 15 years, risk of heart disease is that of a non-smoker.

38. Withdrawal Symptoms • Withdrawal Symptoms can include: • Nervousness • Irritability, anger and frustration • Lack of concentration • Depression • Increased appetite and weight gain • Insomnia, restlessness

39. The Texas Tobacco Players • Texas Department of State Health Services • Mental Health & Substance Abuse Services • Tobacco settlement initiative • Statewide programs for prevention & control • Synar inspections • Alcohol, tobacco and other drugs prevention & treatment • Comptroller of Public Accounts • Cigarette & tobacco retailer permits/taxes • Enforcement & criminal investigation • Grants to law enforcement agencies

40. Region 1 – Panhandle Sherri Scott, Canyon Region 2/3 – North Texas Betty Boenisch, Arlington Region 4/5 – East Texas Lana Herriman & Dreka Strickland, Tyler Region 6/5 – Southeast Texas Debbie Melecio, Houston Region 7 – Central Texas Sylvia Barron & Lance Starzyck, Temple Region 8 – South Texas Rick Meza, San Antonio Region 9/10 – West Texas Becky Zima & Sandra Herrera, El Paso Region 11 – Rio Grande Valley Martha Gonzalez, Harlingen Texas Department of State Health Services Tobacco Staff

41. Legislative Interventions While prevention is always the best method, and is a key focus of the Texas Department of State Health Services and other anti-tobacco advocates, kids are still using tobacco products. The Texas Legislature in the 1990s passed two major bills aimed at curbing tobacco abuse by minors.

42. Tobacco at SchoolsEducation Code, Section 38.006 (passed 1995) The board of trustees of a school district shall: • Prohibit smoking or using tobacco products at a school-related or school-sanctioned activity on or off school property; • Prohibit students from possession of tobacco products at a school-related or school-sanctioned activity on or off school property. • Ensure that school personnel enforce the policies on school property.

43. Selling TobaccoHealth & Safety Code, Section 161.081-161.087Tax Code, Sections 154.111, 154.121, 154.1142-154.1143, 154.504, 155.0592 – 155.0593 ( Passed 1899, Modified 1989, 1997) • Maintains existing penalty for store clerks who sell tobacco to a minor. • Photo identification to verify anyone under the age of 27. • Specified signage to include language that it is both illegal to sell to a minor and for minors to purchase tobacco.

44. Selling Tobacco (cont’d.) • Restricts vending machines and self service sales to places not open to those under the age of 18. • Prohibits the giveaway of free samples and coupons to anyone under 18. • Prohibits the sales of cigarettes of less than 20 per package. • Requires a fee for a retail permit to sell tobacco. Penalty for violations is $500 to $1,000, suspension or revocation of permit. • Requires employers to train employees on tobacco laws.

45. Advertising TobaccoHealth & Safety Code, Section 161.122 (Passed 1997) • Outdoor advertising is prohibited within 1,000 feet of a church or school. (Measured along roadways/property lines from sign.) • Cigarette advertising is in limbo due to Supreme Court ruling in Lorrilard Tobacco Co. et al v. Reilly, Attorney General of Massachusetts, et al. • Texas Tobacco Settlement prohibits tobacco billboards since June 24, 1998.

46. Minor PossessionHealth & Safety Code, Section 161-252-161.254 (Passed 1997) • Possession and consumption of tobacco products is Class C misdemeanor. • Consequences: • Fine of up to $250; • 8-hour tobacco awareness class; • 8-12 hours of community service; • 6 month loss or delay of driver’s license.

47. Additional Efforts • Texas Tobacco Settlement Initiative • Comprehensive tobacco prevention and control effort in Southeast Texas • Community coalition building and technical assistance • TDH regional staff throughout the state • State level partnerships with other stakeholders agencies seeking synergistic outcomes through collaborative efforts

48. Recent Developments • Increase in the state cigarette tax to $1.41 per pack • Increased compliance with youth tobacco laws (7.2% Synar buy rate for 2006) • Increased number of local secondhand smoke ordinances across state • Statewide smoking ban proposed (but not passed) • 2006 U.S. Surgeon General’s report on involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke

49. New Direction From the 80th Legislature • Create competitive statewide grant program allowing health departments and school districts in communities statewide to apply for funds. • Dedicate $3 million in tobacco settlement funds to the Texas Education Agency for tobacco education in schools statewide. • Dedicate $1 million for smokeless tobacco prevention in rural communities. • Produce resource list identifying best practice and evidence-based interventions for use by organizations receiving state appropriated funds.

50. New Direction • DSHS and grantees must use only best practice or evidence-based tobacco prevention, cessation, and enforcement interventions. • DSHS or its contractor must notify Comptroller’s tobacco law enforcement grantees and local sheriff’s departments in writing when Synar violations occur during the annual survey. • DSHS must prepare a report on the progress of the program to the legislature.