Britannia

1. Britannia

2. Britannia • Learning Points • Learn why Britain was the first nation to industrialize • Understand the connections between natural resources, labor, and money in an industrial economy.

3. Britannia • Following an agricultural revolution in the Middle Ages, more food is produced and more farmers headed to the city for work. • This population boom gave cheap labor.

4. Britannia • Britain had navigable rivers and many good ports for trade. • Land was flat so canals were easily built • Britain had large amounts of iron and high quality coal needed to build and run machines.

5. Britannia • Because of a sea-faring culture, Britain had lots of skilled mechanics • Trade from their growing empire gave Britain lots of extra capital – money used to grow businesses. • The British use their capital to reinvest in new technology.

6. Britannia • Britain had a stable government with a Bill of Rights, free trade, and a powerful military. • Entrepreneurs took risks with their capital because it was safer and they could get large gains.

7. Britannia • What two mineral resources did Britain have in abundance?

8. Britannia • In the old “putting out system” each house was given a little bit of cotton to work on. • Demand for more cloth created new inventions • Flying Shuttle • Spinning Jenny • Water Frame • Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin

9. Britannia • What was the benefit of having a sea-faring culture for Britain?

10. Britannia • These large new inventions were moved to large warehouses near water for power creating the first factories • Workers came and left every day instead of living where they worked.

11. Britannia • With increased production, entrepreneurs needed increased transportation. • Turnpikes, or privately well-maintained roads used for a toll, sped up travel.

12. Britannia • Canals built to transport coal and cotton in and finished goods out of the factories. • Since they were near water anyway, canals became an easy and cheap transport method. • Profits made from tolls and cost of coal was halved.

13. Britannia • In the early 1800s, entrepreneurs began to look for a way to transport without water – coal and iron were in the mountains. • When the steam engine was invented it is quickly adapted to a locomotive.

14. Britannia • The first train line ran from the major British factory cities of Manchester and Liverpool. • By 1870, almost every city in Europe could be reached by train.

15. Britannia • Why couldn’t Britain use canals to transport coal and iron from their source?

16. Britannia • Industrialization: • Inventors develop machines that could produce large amounts of goods more efficiently and prices fell, so…

17. Britannia • Lower prices means goods were more affordable making more customers, who demanded even more goods. • The economic and social ways of Europe were changed forever as industrialization spread out from Britain.