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Intermolecular Forces. weak forces of attraction between individual molecules What holds molecules to each other. London Dispersion Forces LDFs. Seen in all substances, polar and nonpolar Weakest intermolecular force Depend on molecular mass More mass means stronger dispersion forces
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Intermolecular Forces • weak forces of attraction between individual molecules • What holds molecules to each other
London Dispersion ForcesLDFs • Seen in all substances, polar and nonpolar • Weakest intermolecular force • Depend on molecular mass • More mass means stronger dispersion forces • Bigger molecules have more electrons, stronger dispersion forces
Dipole interactions(a.k.a. dipole-dipole) • Seen in polar substances • Occur when polar molecules are attracted to each other • Slightlystronger than LDFs
Hydrogen bonding • A special type of dipole interaction • Only seen between H and N, O, or F • Strongest of the IMFs because F, O, and N are very electronegative
H O O H H O H H H H O H H H H O O O H H H Hydrogen bonding