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Sectional Life

Sectional Life. Standard 2.3. Some vocab…. antebellum: time period before the US Civil War sectionalism: showing more pride in the section of the nation you are from rather than the nation as a whole Industrial Revolution: 1790’s-1850’s; change in the way goods were produced & transported.

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Sectional Life

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  1. Sectional Life Standard 2.3

  2. Some vocab… • antebellum: time period before the US Civil War • sectionalism: showing more pride in the section of the nation you are from rather than the nation as a whole • Industrial Revolution: 1790’s-1850’s; change in the way goods were produced & transported

  3. Northern Economy • farming not profitable; needed something besides trade • Eli Whitney: sets off revolution w/ interchangeable parts & cotton gin; allows for mass production • became based in factories, esp. textile mills

  4. Southern Economy • little desire to industrialize; made tons of money in cash crops • cotton gin: invented 1793; made cleaning cotton more efficient; creates more demand for cotton; slavery entrenched

  5. Western Economy • based on Southern economy • plantations spreading west for space

  6. The American System • proposed by Henry Clay to unite sections & stabilize economy • 3 points: develop transportation systems; protective tariff; bring back national bank • sections would support each other with goods moved along railroads, canals, improved roads using national currency

  7. roads, bridges, canals roads, bridges, canals

  8. Internal Improvements • allowed for better communication, travel, trade • railroads existed, but not widely used • National Road: govt-funded “highway”; connected MD to IL • most roads were turnpikes • Erie Canal: opened 1825; connected Hudson R. to L. Erie

  9. Money Issues • Tariff of 1816: needed to boost American industry; British goods much cheaper w/o it; North liked it; South not so much • 2nd Bank of US: national currency made trade easier

  10. Proof of Learning 2/20 • Why did the North come to rely on Industry? • How did the cotton gin make slavery more necessary? • How would the American System help the US be self-sufficient? • How did better roads & canals allow for easier trade?

  11. Expansion: Monroe-Polk Standard 2.1-2.2

  12. James Monroe • President 1817-25 • administration called “Era of Good Feelings” • marked by strong nationalism • issued Monroe Doctrine

  13. Monroe Doctrine • issued 1823; governs foreign policy until 20th century • 4 parts: Europe will stay out of W. Hemisphere business; Eur. will not create new colonies in W.H.; US will stay out of Eur. business; US will not bother existing colonies

  14. Louisiana Purchase • 1803 • Thomas Jefferson bought from France (Napoleon) • really only wanted New Orleans for shipping • explored by Lewis & Clark (& Sacajawea)

  15. Florida • acquired 1819 through Adams-Onis Treaty • got it from Spain; too weak to take care of it • Spain also gave up claims in Oregon • James Monroe president; John Q. Adams Sec. of State

  16. Andrew Jackson • 1829-37; lost to JQA in 1824 & vowed revenge • expanded suffrage (definition) sealed his victory • “man of the people;” 1st president from the West; founded modern Democratic Party • options for Indians: assimilation, removal, extermination • Cherokees: forcibly moved out of GA on Trail of Tears

  17. Why go West? • it is our God-given right to take over the continent (Manifest Destiny) • religious freedom (Oregon, Utah) • new markets/ports/more land to farm • find jobs/escape debt collectors • spread democratic values • many trails led west from Missouri: Oregon, Mormon, Santa Fe

  18. James K. Polk • 1845-49; def. John Tyler • all about expansion • won on slogan of “54o40’ or fight!”; referred to US boundary w/Canada; settled in 1846

  19. Texas • still owned by Mexico; independent from Spain since 1821 • many US settlers lured by cheap land; had to obey Mexican laws & be Catholic • large numbers of US settlers began to ignore laws (esp. slave laws), speak English, be Protestant

  20. Texas (cntd.) • rebellion erupted when Santa Anna cracked down • Texans defended the Alamo, but died • won independence 1836; Mexico did not recognize independence

  21. Mexican Cession • TX annexed 1845 by Congressional resolution, NOT treaty • border dispute led to Mexican War in 1846; Polk wanted land • US wins; Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) gives us land in US southwest; we give Mexico $15 million

  22. Gadsden Purchase • 1853; Franklin Pierce president • $20 million • completed the continental US; needed for a railroad route

  23. Proof of Learning 2/22 • What set of ideas served as our foreign policy for about a century? • Which president is associated with removal of the Cherokees from Georgia? What was their journey west called? • Why did James K. Polk seek war with Mexico? • What is unique about Texas annexation? • Which reason for going west would have motivated you most? Why?

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