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Sectional Differences

Sectional Differences. How is life different in the North, South, and West?. The South's "Peculiar Institution“. US Laws Regarding Slavery. U. S. Constitution 3/5s compromise fugitive slave clause 1793 --> Fugitive Slave Act . 1808 --> Slave Importation Outlawed

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Sectional Differences

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  1. Sectional Differences How is life different in the North, South, and West?

  2. The South's "Peculiar Institution“

  3. US Laws Regarding Slavery • U. S. Constitution • 3/5s compromise • fugitive slave clause • 1793 --> Fugitive Slave Act. • 1808 --> Slave Importation Outlawed • 1820 --> Missouri Compromise • 1850 --> stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

  4. Other Slavery? • By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state • 1820s: newly independent Republics of Central & South America declared slaves free • 1833: slavery abolished throughout British Empire • 1844: slavery abolished in French colonies • 1861: serfs of Russia were emancipated

  5. Early Emancipation in the North

  6. Missouri Compromise, 1820

  7. Antebellum Southern Economy

  8. Cotton Economy • Cotton was King! • Depended on British exports • Depended on new lands to expand • Depended on slaves to work fields • Very little industrial development • Some in Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee • South: economically isolated (mostly)

  9. Characteristics of the Antebellum South • Primarily agrarian • Economic power shifts from “upper South” to “lower South” • “Cotton Is King!” • 1860--> 5 mil. bales a yr. • 57% of total US exports • Very slow development of industrialization • Rudimentary financial system • Inadequate transportation system

  10. Founded in 1845, South’s first attempt at industrialization (Richmond) Graniteville Textile Co.

  11. Southern Agriculture

  12. Slaves Picking Cotton on a Mississippi Plantation

  13. Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

  14. Changes in Cotton Production 1820 1860

  15. Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

  16. Other Southern Agriculture Sugar Corn

  17. Total US Population=23,000,000(9,250,000 in South=40%) Southern Society by 1850 • Plantation Owners Other Whites (approx. 6 million total whites) Yeoman Farmers, Plain Folk, Hillbillies Free Blacks 250,000 Blacks Slaves 3,200,000

  18. Paternalism and Honor in the Planter Class • Most Southern males: tradition of “chivalry” and aversion to industrialization. • Agrarian society (Father is head) • Personal responsibility for physical and moral well-being of dependents • Masculine code of honor placed the virtue of women on a pedestal • Paternalistic attitude towards slaves; a “kindly father-child relationship” • Right to obedience and labor • Slave has right to protection, guidance, subsistence, care and attention • Code of personal honor (dueling)

  19. Yeoman Farmers • might have owned as many as ten slaves; usually worked alongside them • 75 percent of all southerners held no slaves

  20. Plain Folk in the South • Not involved in market economy • Home production • Little access to public education • Illiterate

  21. Mountain Whites • Hated planters • Hated blacks • Hated everybody • Hinton Helper’sImpending Crisis of the South (1859) • Poor whites will get fed up • Andrew Johnson • Anti-aristocracy • Only Southern Senator to keep seat • Will become President

  22. SlaveLaw and the Family • No legal status; wide range of laws governing treatment • Marriages often arranged for genetic reproduction • Slave families often separated • “Sold down the river” always a fear

  23. Southern Population (1860)

  24. Growth of Black Population 1820-1860

  25. White Class Structure in the South, 1860

  26. Which one belongs to the slave? poor white? yeoman farmer? plantation owner?

  27. Slave-Owning Population (1850)

  28. Slave-Owning Families (1850)

  29. A Real Georgia Plantation

  30. The Southern “Belle”

  31. A Slave Family

  32. A Real Mammie & Her Charge

  33. Cotton Picking

  34. House Servants

  35. Domestic Slaves

  36. Slave Accoutrements Slave MasterBrands Slave muzzle

  37. Anti-Slave Pamphlet

  38. Slave Accoutrements Slave leg irons Slave tag, SC Slave shoes

  39. Most Common From of Punishment

  40. Runaways

  41. Slave Personality • “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used as a charade in front of whites (the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.).

  42. Stereotypes (last well into 20th Century)

  43. Southern Pro-Slavery Propaganda

  44. Mary Boykin Chesnut • Diary from Dixie • one of best records of southern life during war

  45. Life in the Northeast and West

  46. Economic Growth: 1790-1860

  47. Why Industrial and Economic Growth? • By 1860: U.S. third in world (behind Britain & France) because • Innovations/inventions • Use of assembly line • Use of interchangeable parts • Use of steam/water power • Improved transportation systems • Abundance of natural resources • Large food supply (western farmers) • Large labor supply (immigrants)

  48. Transportation

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