Unit 1- Scientific Method, Safety and Measurements

1. Unit 1- Scientific Method, Safety and Measurements

2. Where did science come from? • Ideas to explain observations • Evidence- support for the idea that something is true

3. How are ideas formed? • Observations- things that are made using any of the senses or tools • Inferences- conclusions or deductions based on observations

4. What do we try to keep out of our ideas? • Assumptions- the belief that something is true without evidence • Opinions- ideas people have that may or may not have any basis in fact (can be biased)

5. Lab Safety Rules

6. 1. Make sure you know how to use the fire blanket, fire extinguisher, safety shower and eye baths and where they are located.

7. 2. Wear safety goggles and use gloves when heating substances, dissecting or working with acids or bases that can cause burns.

8. 3. Read, understand and follow your laboratory directions exactly. If unsure about directions then check with your teacher. Wait to do activities until teacher directs you to do so.

9. 4. Do NOT eat or drink in the laboratory.

10. 5. When heating a test tube, always point the opening away from you and your classmates and never heat a closed container.

11. 6. Never inhale or taste laboratory chemicals.

12. 7. If you spill a chemical or get any on your skin, wash it off and tell your teacher.

13. 8. Tell you teacher about any personal injury no matter how minor it is

14. 9. Tie back long hair, and keep loose clothing away from lab materials.

15. 10. Never expose flammable liquids to an open flame. Use a hot water bath (such as a large beaker of water heated on a hot plate).

16. 11. Do not use bare fingers to pick up hot test tubes or beakers. Use test tube holders or beaker tongs.

17. 12. Report at once any equipment in the laboratory that appears to be unusual or improper such as broken, cracked, or jagged apparatus.

18. 13. Do not pour reagents back into stock bottles or exchange stoppers.

19. 14. Use laboratory apparatus as it is intended to be used. For example, do not stir a solution using a thermometer, ruler, or pen.

20. 15. Tell your teacher if you see any electrical wiring that is frayed, exposed, or loosely connected. Do not use it

21. 16. Always clean up your work area and equipment after an experiment is completed. Equipment must be returned to its proper place. Clean glassware according to your teacher’s instructions and wipe down lab surface.

22. 17. Wash your hands before and after each experiment.

23. 18. Work quietly, thoughtfully, and efficiently. Do not “fool around” in the laboratory.

25. 6.8 cm 68 mm 3.4 cm 34 mm

26. 12 mL 16 mL 14 mL 14 mL

27. 42°C

29. 545.2g

30. Metric Conversions…Remember:KingHenryDiedUnusuallyDrinkingChocolateMilk

31. 4000m • 0.018km • 60cm • 7000mm • 0.1m • 110mm • 0.15m • 42cm

32. Scientific Method

33. Step 1: State the Problem

34. Step 2: DEVELOP a Hypothesis

35. Step 3: Develop Experiment • Dependent Variable- What you will measure • Independent Variable- What will be the one factor Ichange • Controls- What factors will stay the same • Steps of Experiment

36. Step 4: Collect & ORGANIZE Data

37. STEP 5: ANALYZE RESULTS

38. STEP 6: DRAW A VALID CONCLUSION

39. Reliable Experiments… • Repeat experiment to verify results • Increase sample size

40. Graphing Checklist- • Title • Label dependent variable on vertical axis (include units if applicable) • Label independent variable on horizontal axis (include units if applicable) • Have a scale on both axis without breaks and spaced at even intervals • Points plotted accurately • Data points connected and the line does NOT go beyond • Make legend if graphing more than one set of data