Commerce & Culture 500-1500 CE Trans-Saharan Trade

1. Commerce & Culture500-1500 CETrans-Saharan Trade AP World History – Chapter 8 Notes

2. The Sand Roads • Trans-Saharan trade route • Linked North Africa and the Mediterranean world with West Africa

3. Trans-Saharan Trade • Like the Silk and Sea Roads  this trade begins as a result of environmental variation • What does each region have to offer? • North African coastal areas = cloth, glassware, weapons, books • Sahara region = copper and salt • Savanna grasslands = grain crops • Sub-Saharan forests = tree crops like yam and kola nuts

4. Trans-Saharan Trade • Made possible by the CAMEL! • 1st traders = camel-owning people from desert oases • Major traders became = North African Muslim Arabs • What did they come to West Africa and sub-Saharan Africa for? • GOLD!, ivory, kola nuts, slaves • Gave in return: SALT!, horses, cloth, weapons, tools

5. Caravans • As many as 5,000 camels • Hundreds of people • Travelling at night • Length of journey = about 70 days • 15-20 miles walked per day

6. Construction of Empires • New wealth and resources from trans-Saharan trade allowed some regions to construct large empires or city-states • Between 500 and 1600 CE • Major empires = Mali, Ghana, and Songhai

7. West African Empires • All monarchies • Drew upon wealth of trans-Saharan trade • Relied on slaves • Females used as = domestic servants and sex slaves • Males used as = state officials, craftsmen, miners, agricultural laborers

8. Cities Within the Kingdoms • Urban and commercial centers • Traders met and exchanged goods there • Centers of manufacturing • Items created: beads, iron tools, cotton textiles, etc. • Largely Islamic Mosque in Timbuktu (in Mali)

10. Document A illustrates the political and economic power of the great Malian King and the difficulty of organizing and managing such an arduous journey.

11. Document B was compiled to illustrate the vast resources traded and traveled in the course of the thousands of miles journey in attempt to convey the impoetance of Tran-Saharan trade.

12. In Doc # C 26 years after Mansa passed through this town, Arab historian Ibn Battutta remarks on the economic importance of salt production for Muslim travelers to understand its integral importance for Tran-Saharan trade

13. Doc # D is a Jewish Mapmaker’s view of the legendary Mansa Musa and his Kingdom of Gold. The purpose of this documents is to highlight the source of the abundant supply of the world’s gold in an attempt to encourage trade ties across the Sahara whilst most Europeans did not travel into the interior of Africa

14. In Doc E, This Arab scholars interview both illustrates the economic and political lpower of the great African king both his piety and his unwillingness to kiss the hand of the sultan to exalt his notoriety and shed light on a man whose legend was kept by griots.

15. The primary source in Document # E helps evaluate the importance of almsgiving in Islam and Why Mansa was so generous and perhaps why he distributed so much of his wealth that Gold became devalued in Cairo for 20 years.

16. Thesis • From 1200-1450, the Tran-Saharan trade network was best illsutraed in the power of the Mailian Empire and its richest King, Mansa Musa. The travel of 60,000 plus people over 4,000 of desert routes illustrated his immeasurable political power, his generosity and goods carried the wealth of his empire and the influence of Islam on the impact of this religion integrated into its trading networks.

17. Synthesis • Musa would be considered ( based on his gold reserves) the richest man in the world valued at over 400 Billion dollars. Like many wealthy individuals, he redistributed his income by giving it away ( Bill Gates, John D Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie) and helped so many others. Mali’s wealth, however, would be challenged by the new Gold found in the Americas 1450-1750 and Mali would decline and fall within 3 generations after Mansa Musa.