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Performance Evaluation of Mobile IP Agents' Auto-Reconfiguration Mechanisms in MANET

Explore the performance of auto-reconfiguration mechanisms in Mobile IP agents in MANET. Discuss dynamic MIP agents, proposed algorithms, simulation analysis, and conclusions.

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Performance Evaluation of Mobile IP Agents' Auto-Reconfiguration Mechanisms in MANET

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  1. Performance Evaluation of Mobile IP Agents' Auto-Reconfiguration Mechanisms in MANET Georges Amvame-Nze, Cláudia Jacy Barenco Abbas, Electrical Engineering School, University of Brasilia Luis J. García Villalba Dept. Computer Systems and Programming, Complutense University of Madrid Presented by Franson, C.W. Chen Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  2. Agenda • Introduction • Dynamic MIP Agent in MANET • Proposed Algorithm • Implementation • Simulation Analysis • Conclusion Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  3. Introduction (1/6) – MANET • A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network with no fixed infrastructure, and it communicates among nodes can be quickly constructed. • Some characteristics in a MANET • Dynamic topologies • Bandwidth-constrained, variable capacity links • Energy constrained operation • Limited physical security Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  4. Introduction (2/6) – MANET • Ad hoc mobile routing protocols can be categorized into three, namely, proactive, reactive and the hybrid protocols. • In proactive protocols, nodes continuously search for routing information within a network, so that when a route is needed, the route is already known. • For reactive protocols, it creates routes only when desired by source nodes. When a node requires a route to destination, it initiates route discovery process within the network. This process completes once one route is found or all possible route permutations are examined. Once a route is discovered and established, it is maintained by route maintenance procedure until either destination becomes inaccessible along every path from source or route is no longer desired. Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  5. Introduction (3/6) – MANET • Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is a protocol used under hybrid category for ad hoc mobile routing protocols. It incorporates the merits of on-demand and proactive routing protocols. ZRP is similar to a cluster with the exception that every node acts as a cluster head and a member of other clusters. The routing zone comprises a few mobile ad hoc nodes within one, two or more hops away where the central node is formed. Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  6. Introduction (4/6) – Mobile IP • Terms about Mobile IP • Mobile Node (MN) • Correspondent Node (CN) • Home Network (HN) • Foreign Network (FN) • Home Agent (HA) • Foreign Agent (FA) • Home Address • Care-of-Address (CoA) MN with Home Address MN with CoA FA HA Foreign Network Home Network CN Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  7. Introduction (5/6) – Mobile IP • The need for a mobile node (MN) attached to its Home Network to be able to move to other networks (called Foreign Networks) keeping its Home Address throughout the path until destination, and having the possibility to keep track of local services it had at the Home Network. • Two IP addresses have to be assigned to the mobile node,so it would be reached in the Home Network by a fixed and permanent IP address and at the Foreign Address by the so called Care-of-Address (COA), which would represent its new point of attachment away from home. Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  8. MANET Mobile IP Introduction (6/6) DRMIPA Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  9. Dynamic MIP Agent in MANET Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  10. Mobile IP in Ad hoc Network • When mobile nodes move from one IP network to another one, their current services should be available as needed at the foreign Ad hoc Network. • The MANET and MIP should be combined to allow the registry of any mobile nodes entering and leaving its IP network and forcing all MANETs to implement a Mobile Home and Foreign Agents (named in this work as MHA and MFA), for further node connectivity. • When away from home network, all mobile nodes data transaction has to be between active agents so that MIP mechanisms behave as before, when they were part of the WLAN topology. Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  11. Issues facing Agent Mobility • Any MHA (MFA) can shutdown, leave its IP Home Network or move to another IP Network at anytime. • Mobile Agent should be duplicated, one serving as an active agent and the other as a passive agent. • A MA is being deactivated or leaves its functionality of MFA (MHA), it will be replaced by a previously preconfigured passive MFA (MHA), which would then exercise its activities as a new active MFA(MHA) and in turn elects the next passive MFA (MHA). Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  12. Proposed Algorithm Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  13. Passive Agent Election Mobile Node Agent Advertisement Gateway MHA or MFA Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  14. Passive Agent Election Mobile Node Passive Agent Request Gateway MHA or MFA Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  15. Passive Agent Election Passive Agent Mobile Node MNnodelect Gateway MHA or MFA Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  16. Passive Agent Election Passive Agent Mobile Node Mobile Node MNnodelect_ack Gateway MHA or MFA Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  17. Passive Agent Election Passive Agent Mobile Node Mobile Node Binding Gateway MHA or MFA Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  18. Passive Agent Election Passive Agent Mobile Node Mobile Node Binding_ack Gateway MHA or MFA Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  19. MNnodelect state diagram (1/2) set DRMIPA_ON=true Flag_A=false, H=1 or F=1 Listen Flag_A=true, F=1, A=01, set pass_agent=true Flag_A=true, H=1, A=01, set pass_agent=true Lifetime<Threshold Lifetime<Threshold set pass_agent=false set pass_agent=false MNnodelect is MFA pass_agent MNnodelect is MHA pass_agent Lifetime>Threshold, activate MHA, set act_agent=true Lifetime>Threshold, activate MFA, set act_agent=true set act_agent=false set act_agent=false MNnodelect is MFA act_agent MNnodelect is MHA act_agent end end end Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  20. MNnodelect state diagram (2/2) Exit set DRMIPA_ON=false set DRMIPA_ON=false set DRMIPA_ON=true Working_OK=true Flag_A=false, H=1, F=1 Listen Flag_A=true, F=1, A=01, set pass_agent=true Flag_A=true, H=1, A=01, set pass_agent=true Lifetime<Threshold Lifetime<Threshold set pass_agent=false set pass_agent=false MNnodelect is MFA pass_agent MNnodelect is MHA pass_agent Lifetime>Threshold, activate MHA, set act_agent=true Lifetime>Threshold, activate MFA, set act_agent=true set act_agent=false set act_agent=false MNnodelect is MFA act_agent MNnodelect is MHA act_agent end end end Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  21. Activation Algorithm Gratuitous_exit := true pass_agent := true receive(Gratuitous_exit, MHA/MFA, MNnodelect ) message from MHA/MFA; ifGratuitous_exit ∧ pass_agent thenbegin unicast(Gratuitous_exit_ack, MNnodelect, MHA/MFA) message to MHA/MFA; activate MFA/MHA algorithm; set A=11 ∧ broadcast (Agt_adv, MHA/MFA,…,A, Lifetime) message to Network nodes; set pass_agent := false; set act_agent := true; end else if(Adv_Lifetime > Threshold) ∧ pass_agent then activate MFA/MHA algorithm; set A=11 ∧ broadcast (Agt_adv,MHA/MFA,…,A, Lifetime) message to Network nodes; set pass_agent := false; set act_agent := true; end Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  22. Implementation Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  23. Setting • The initial configuration of the system requires a manual setup of the MHA and MFA. • The present work does not allow more than one active and passive agents in the same network. • All MANETs’ MN implements the DRMIPA algorithm. • The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) timestamp request and reply could be activated on the kernel side to provide synchronization during transactional messages between nodes. • For the purpose of tracing DRMIPAs’ messages, we have downloaded the Ethereal version 0.10.12 tar.gz source code and have modified it to show the new messages along with MIP’s. Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  24. Two kinds ofAdv message • Agent Advertisement with DRMIPA flag • MNnodelect Advertisement Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  25. DRMIPA A-flag Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  26. Messages from Ethereal Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  27. Simulation Analysis Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  28. Utilization • The utilization is the percentage of bandwidth utilization between active and passive agents can be obtained. • Active Agent exchange the message, data_sent = data_recv = 54bytes, with Passive Agent in 0.011 sec. Due to overhead messages used in the WLAN 802.11b scenarios, a bandwidth of 5,5 Mbps is used instead of 11Mbps. Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  29. Delay (1/2) • One-way mean delay calculation • The Act_Agt (created_and_sent_msg)reflects the time a message spends to leave the active agent. • The Pass_Agt (processed_msg)is the time used by the passive agent to process a message. • The Pass_Agent (created_and_sent_msg)is the time a passive agent spends for creating and sending a message to respond. Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  30. Delay (2/2) Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  31. Transmissions Overhead (1/2) • The MNnodelect_ADV have the highest overhead in transmissions of DRMIPA messages. • Once elected, the passive agent sends small MNnodelect_ACK messages to the active agent. • The DRMIPA_pass_REQ stays between both messages in overhead transmissions because each node has to send a unicast message to the active agent. Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  32. Transmissions Overhead (2/2) Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  33. Time taken for DRMIPA's Passive Agent election (1/2) Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  34. Time taken for DRMIPA's Passive Agent election (2/2) Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  35. Conclusion Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  36. Conclusion • DRMIPA’s solution can help in the integration and mobility of Mobile IP Agents and Hosts between several MANET-Internet-MANET networks. • The principal gain is to maintain the interworking of multiple MIP and MANETs using MFA (MHA) in a failure free architecture scenario. Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  37. Thanks for YourListening ! Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

  38. Reference • Chao-Yang Lee: A Reliable On-Demand Multi-path QoS Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Jun 2005 • http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios120/120newft/120t/120t1/mobileip.htm#20859 Optimization LAB, Department of Information Management, NTU

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