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EAM Master Programs in Malaysia: An overview

EAM Master Programs in Malaysia: An overview. 23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria. The Final Conference. By: Dr. M. Rafee Majid Senior Lecturer & Deputy Director Centre for Innovative Planning and Development Department of Urban & Regional Planning

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EAM Master Programs in Malaysia: An overview

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  1. EAM Master Programs in Malaysia:An overview 23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria The Final Conference By: Dr. M. RafeeMajid Senior Lecturer & Deputy Director Centre for Innovative Planning and Development Department of Urban & Regional Planning UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia 81310 JOHOR BAHRU Johor, Malaysia

  2. Outline • Important Malaysian environmental regulations • Malaysian environmental education policies • Higher education in Malaysia • EAM related HE in Malaysia • Issues & Opportunities/Conclusions

  3. Laws related to EAM • The Environmental Quality Act (EQA) of 1974…THE Legislation. • Prior to EQA of 1974 • Many sectoral acts …..for early management response to environmental problems. • Not designed to address environmental problems but to promote sound practices in sectors. • The EQA of 1974 • Aim - the prevention, abatement, control of pollution and enhancement of the environment. • Most comprehensive legislation concerning environment in Malaysia (Sham, 1997). • BUT control oriented rather than geared towards prevention …vis-à-vis license mechanism (Heng, 2002).

  4. Laws related to EAPM • Brief Overview of Environmental Law in Malaysia • EQA Amendment of 1985 • EIA made a requirement for prescribed projects. • Shifting of approach from CONTROL to PLANNING. • EQA Amendment of 1996 • Introduction of Research Cess Fund & Environmental Auditing • Emphasis more on Environmental Management and Monitoring.

  5. Laws related to EAPM • Impact Assessment (EIA, TIA, SIA, SEA) in Malaysia • E & T & S IA carried out separately. • EIA voluntarily partially practiced in government projects beginning early 1980’s. Becomes mandatory in 1988. • Activities subject to EIA are prescribed under Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities)(EIA) Order, 1987. Currently 19 Prescribed Activities. • SIA and TIA are still an administrative requirement to be decided case by case basis by DOE & relevant technical depts. • SEA is still emerging. Only Dept of Town & Country Planning is beginning to look into its possible implementation.

  6. Env Education & Malaysia’s Plans • The strategic thrust in Eighth Malaysia Plan (2000-2005) includes: • Reducing energy, materials, pollution and waste intensity of urban-industrial activity to address air pollution, mitigate deterioration in water quality and waste disposal. • Increase fiscal policy and promote market-based instruments and self-regulatory among industries. • Promote environmental performance measure and database. • Empowering local authorities and engaging local communities. • Enhancing land use planning, intensify biodiversity conservation and sustainable forest management and maritime affairs. • Aims of the National Environmental Policy of 2002: • Integrate environmental consideration into development activities and in all related decision making processes. • Sets out the principles and strategies necessary to ensure that the environment remains productive both ecologically and economically. • One of the key areas outlined in the policy - Education and Awareness

  7. Higher Education in Malaysia • Brief Overview • Public Universities (IPTA) • 20 Universities • Private Universities (IPTS) • 21 Universities • 22 College Universities • 5 Branch campuses of foreign universities • Focus of presentation is on public universities

  8. Higher Education in Malaysia TOTAL ENROLMENT AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSYEAR 2002 - 2007

  9. Higher Education in Malaysia TOTAL MASTERS ENROLMENT AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSYEAR 2002 - 2007

  10. Higher Education in Malaysia TOTAL PhD ENROLMENT AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSYEAR 2002 - 2007

  11. ~ 19,000 students ~ 21,000 students ~ 22,500 students ~ 29,000 students ~ 21,500 students ~ 24,000 students

  12. EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities At what level are EAM-related subjects taught? Undergraduate Introductory level classes concerning EIA and Env Planning & Mgmt for engineering & planning students. More extensive coverage in Env Science or Env Studies curricula (such as at UPM, UM & UKM). Graduate Offered by coursework masters programmes. Extensive coverage by environmentally-focused masters programmes (Env Mgmt, Env Planning, Env Studies) Electives for environmental-related masters programmes (engineering, planning) Electives for PhD in some programmes. More than 500 students currently enrolled nation-wide.

  13. EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities Ms. Programmes requiring EAM-related subjects

  14. Ms. Programmes requiring EAPM-related subjects EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities

  15. EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities Where are they offered? Faculties/schools: • Engineering (Civil/Chemical/Environmental) • Urban Planning/Studies • Environmental Sciences/Studies

  16. Subjects with various names & contents. Can be classified into: Engineering-biased remedial based/approach. Systemic planning and management based/approach. Economic based/approach. Institutional (acts & laws) based/approach. EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities How are they taught?

  17. ..Some Subject Lists EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM)

  18. ..Some Subject Lists EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM)

  19. ..Some Subject Lists EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

  20. ..Some Subject Lists EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

  21. ..Some Subject Lists EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities UniversitiSains Malaysia (USM)

  22. ..Some Subject Lists EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities UniversitiSains Malaysia (USM)

  23. ..Some Subject Lists EAM Master Programmes at Public Universities Universiti Islam Antarabangsa (UIA)

  24. EAM in neighbouring countries A Brief Look

  25. EAM in neighbouring countries

  26. EAM in neighbouring countries

  27. Conclusions 1. Issues EAM subjects contents are biased according to the faculties/schools offering them. Little evidence of interdisciplinary approach to the teaching of EAM at university level. Overall, more emphasis on EIA but limited coverage of SIA and SEA. Lacking in informal forms of EAM education/training.

  28. Conclusions 2. Challenges & opportunities How to make EAM education/subjects more multidisciplinary? There are more to EAM than EIA. What about SIA, SEA and other approaches? How to increase informal EAM education/training to empower/engage local communities? How to cater for increasing number of international students?

  29. Tq

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