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Ch 9 – Mandate of Heaven / DYNASTIC CHINA

Ch 9 – Mandate of Heaven / DYNASTIC CHINA. Terms . MANDATE OF HEAVEN – Right to rule from higher power/heaven DYNASTIES – Ruling families, power transfers through bloodline IDEOLOGY – Political philosophy BARBARIANS – Uncivilized people. Chinese thought all foreigners were these…

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Ch 9 – Mandate of Heaven / DYNASTIC CHINA

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  1. Ch 9 – Mandate of Heaven / DYNASTIC CHINA

  2. Terms • MANDATE OF HEAVEN – Right to rule from higher power/heaven • DYNASTIES – Ruling families, power transfers through bloodline • IDEOLOGY – Political philosophy • BARBARIANS – Uncivilized people. Chinese thought all foreigners were these… • KOWTOW – Kneeling and putting forehead to the ground three times. Sign of utmost respect andobedience.

  3. Kow Tow

  4. Dynastic Rule • BCE = “Before Common Era” (Before the year 0) • A Unified China under one family’s rule • 1500 BCE – 1911 CE • Approx. 3500 continuous yrs.

  5. First Dynasties • 1994 BCE—1523 BCE • MYTHICAL XIA – may not have really existed

  6. First Dynasties • 1523 BCE—1028 BCE • SHANG • Dominated by warrior aristocracy led to loose rule by Shang leaders

  7. First Dynasties • 1028 BCE—256 BCE • ZHOU • Loose rule • Mandate of Heaven • Leader was divinely chosen • Leader would keep ruling if he looked out for the best interests of his people • Evidence of Iron Working • Warring States / factions led to Zhou’s demise

  8. QIN DYNASTY • FIRST TO UNIFY Chinese state • United northern plain with the Yangtze River valley • Office of Emperor set up • Chinese language enforced • Short-lived, widespread rebellions • STARTED GREAT WALL • Protection from “barbarians” to the north Statue of first emperor at his burial site.

  9. Terra Cotta Army of the Qin “Funerary Art” / 8,000 Soldiers to watch over tomb of first emperor of China. Discovered in 1974.

  10. HAN DYNASTY • Expanded China’s empire to west (to secure Silk Road), south (Indochina), and north (Manchuria) • Chinese made steel and cast-iron tools

  11. OTHERS (but NOT all) • TANG (618 CE – 907) • Expanded west increasing contact with India, Central Asia and west gaining access to Indian Ocean • Increased size of ships and compass led to more trade

  12. OTHERS (but NOT all) • SONG (960 CE – 1279) • Technology explodes • Small compass • Gunpowder • Movable type (prior to 1000 C.E.) • Mathematics • Fractions

  13. MONGOL INVADERS • Genghis Khan • Early 13th • Ruled much of Asian continent • Don’t enforce culture on Chinese • Grandson Kublai Khan started next Chinese dynasty in 1271.

  14. Mongol Empire at peak

  15. YUAN Dynasty • 1279 – 1368 CE • Started by Kublai • Allowed Chinese to keep their own culture • Significant decline in population due to • Famine, bubonic plague, migration to South

  16. MING DYN. • 1368 – 1644 CE • Majority of Great Wall built by Ming • Imposed strict limits on foreign influence • Porcelain became major export Ming Dynasty tombs near Beijing

  17. QING DYN. • 1644 – 1911 • LAST DYNASTY • Prior to period, China was very self-sufficient . • Led China to be isolated • Prevent foreign influence

  18. Panadas?

  19. Pandas and China • A 2007 report shows 239 pandas living in captivity inside China and another 27 outside the country. Wild population estimates vary; one estimate shows that there are about 1,590 individuals living in the wild, while a 2006 study via DNA analysis estimated that this figure could be as high as 2,000 to 3,000.Some reports also show that the number of pandas in the wild is on the rise.However, the IUCN does not believe there is enough certainty yet to reclassify the species from Endangered to Vulnerable. • While the dragon has often served as China's national emblem, internationally the panda appears at least as commonly. As such, it is becoming widely used within China in international contexts, for example the five Fuwa mascots of the Beijing Olympics.

  20. Dragons

  21. What’s with the dragon? • Chinese dragons are legendary creatures in Chinese mythology and folklore. In Chinese art, dragons are typically portrayed as long, scaled, serpentine creatures with four legs. In yin and yang terminology, a dragon is yang and complements a yinfenghuang ("Chinese phoenix"). • Chinese dragons traditionally symbolize potent and auspicious powers, particularly control over water, rainfall, hurricane, and floods. The dragon is also a symbol of power, strength, and good luck. With this, the Emperor of China usually used the dragon as a symbol of his imperial power and strength. • In Chinese daily language, excellent and outstanding people are compared to the dragon while incapable people with no achievements are compared with other, disesteemed creatures, such as the worm. A number of Chinese proverbs and idioms feature references to the dragon, for example: "Hoping one's son will become a dragon" (望子成龍, i.e. be as a dragon).

  22. DYNASTIC CYCLE • Strong  Weak Strong Weak • Famine, Chaos, Warfare, Rebellion, Plague, Invaders • Change in authority

  23. QING DYN. • Lost Opium Wars in 1840s and 1860s to France and Britain • Forced China to give Hong Kong to Britain • Opened China up to trade with Europe • On your vocabulary sheet write: • Middle Kingdom = Chinese belief that they are the center of the world

  24. QING DYN. • Sino-Japanese War • War between Japan and China • Fought in 1894 over Korea Peninsula • Japan was victorious • Taiwan given to Japan • European powers including Russia, Britain, France, Germany and Japan wanted to divide China up • U.S. persuaded countries to follow Open-Door Policy • China should be open for trade to all countries

  25. QING DYN. • Many in China upset with foreign influence in China • Chinese citizens attacked foreigners killing hundreds in 1901 • Becomes known as the Boxer Rebellion • European, U.S., and Japanese militaries sent to China to put rebellions down

  26. QING DYN. • Civil wars and uprising brings 2,000 years of dynastic rule to an END.

  27. DYNASTIC CYCLE • Strong  Weak Strong Weak • Famine, Chaos, Warfare, Rebellion, Plague, Invaders • Change in authority

  28. Political cartoons • Identify the primary topic of the cartoon. • Who are the main characters in the cartoon? • How are these characters portrayed by the cartoonist? • What are these objects symbolizing? • Provide definitions to main concepts use in the cartoon. • Identify anything else the cartoonist uses in the political cartoon? • What is the cartoonist trying to symbolize by using these things?

  29. Chinese Invention • Compass • Paper • Gunpowder • Printing • Silk

  30. End of Dynastic Rule • Empress Cixi, last real ruler – “Dowager Empress” – dies in 1908 • Widespread uprising • People wanted PROGRESS -modernization and more of a say in government • Needed technology • 1911 – ENDS w/ final uprising from the people

  31. End of Dynastic Rule • Empress Cixi, last real ruler – “Dowager Empress” – dies in 1908 • Widespread uprising • People wanted PROGRESS -modernization and more of a say in government • Needed technology • 1911 – ENDS w/ final uprising from the people

  32. China after the dynasties • Power became decentralized • Power going to many different places • Military leaders and their armies from different regions held power. • Armies fought each other causing instability throughout 1920s.

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