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E.V. Pustovoyt The Institute of the History, Archeology and Ethnography of the People of the Far East FEB RAS (Vladivost

The Visit of General-adjutant E.V. Putyatin to t he Ryukyu Kingdom in 1854 (an official visit to Naha port and a visit to Borodino islands by « Vostok » steamer ). E.V. Pustovoyt The Institute of the History, Archeology and Ethnography of the People of the Far East FEB RAS (Vladivostok) .

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E.V. Pustovoyt The Institute of the History, Archeology and Ethnography of the People of the Far East FEB RAS (Vladivost

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  1. The Visit of General-adjutant E.V. Putyatin to the Ryukyu Kingdom in 1854 (an official visit to Naha port and a visit to Borodino islands by «Vostok» steamer ) E.V. Pustovoyt The Institute of the History, Archeology and Ethnography of the People of the Far East FEB RAS (Vladivostok)

  2. Summary • Putyatin’s visit to Ryukyu in Russian and foreign literatures • Research sources and documents • Chronology of the visits and aims • Conclusion

  3. Putyatin’s visit to Ryukyu in Russian and foreign literatures - Russian literature (E.Ya. Fainberg, K.M. Popov, L.N. Kutakov, V.V. Kojevnikow, A.P. Kuznetsov, D.N. Endakov, A.I. Gruzdev) - Western literature (G.A.Lensen, D.N. Wells,J.Kerr, A.P. Jenkins) - Japanese literature ( Ominami Katsuhiko, Wada Haruki, Nakamura Shintaro, Okuma Ryoichi)

  4. Research sources and documents - «Roshiasen-raichyaku-naha-nite-nikki» (魯西亜船来着那覇ニ而之日記) – «Dairies of Russian ships visiting in Naha», an official document of Ryukyuan Government Hyojyoshyo, 1854. - Reports of E.V. Putyatin’s naval missions in «Morskoisbornik» («Naval Records»,1852-1855) - The journal and official correspondence of Bernard Jean Bettelheim, ed. by A.P. Jenkins, records concerning arrival of Russian ships to Ryukyu, 1854. - I.A. Goncharov«Frigate Pallada»

  5. Chronology of the visits and aims 1852 Putyatin departures Saint-Petersburg to Japan in Pallada. Goncharov, Avvakum, Goshkevich boarded Pallada also. E.V. Putyatin (1803-1888) Frigate Pallada

  6. Russian ships visit Naha portthe first official visit - Russian calendar old style: 27.01 – 09.02.1854 (Putyatin’s reports, Goncharov’s«Frigate Pallada») - New style calendar: 08.02 – 21.02.1854 (Bettelheim’s journal) - Ryukyuan calendar, lunar: 11.01 – 24.01. 4th year of Syanfen era (the Chinese name of era) («Roshiasen-raichyaku-naha-nite-nikki») Russian naval officers and marines visited places in Ryukyu: Naha port, local market, Tomari port, Gokokuji temple, Tondozaki, Kumoji, Wakasamachi, Katabaru, Madanbashiand others.

  7. Russian ships visit Naha portthe first official visit Russians met with: - Bernard Jean Bettelheim, British missioner in Ryukyu • MakishiChochu (Itarashikisatunushi-pechin), English interpreter • I.H. Randall, American officer • chihokan, regional governor

  8. Russian ships visit Naha portthe first official visit Goals of Russians: • find a convenient winter mooring for Russian ships in Far East • get some information about American activities in Japan and Ryukyu • conclude friendship and trade treaty with Ryukyu Kingdom Goals of the Ryukyus: • prevent foreigners from visiting Shuri, royal tombs • keep isolation policy • get information about about Russian plans towards Japan

  9. Ryukyu reactions and results of Russian ships arrival Ruykyus: • explained wrong information about money, trade, people of the Kingdom • Russian officers were followed and Russia was considered as a potential military threat Russians: • made no any trade treaties • knew that the Ryukyu Kingdom is under protection of USA

  10. Russian ship visit Borodino islands and Naha portthe second unofficial visit - Borodino islands – Daito islands (Minami Daito and Kita Daito). Found in 1820 by Russian ship «Borodino» from Russian-American Company. «Vostok» steamer visited Borodino islands in February and March 1854 after leaving Naha port by Putyatin’s order. «Vostok»made topographical research of Borodino islands and visited Naha port in 1 and 2 of April: • expected news concerning trade relations with Russia • met Bettelheim in Gokokuji

  11. Conclusion «Roshiasen-raichyaku-naha-nite-nikki»is - the first document concerning detailed official visit of Russian ships to Ryukyu • Contains important information about Russian ships armory, sizes and construction • Russia concluded a trade treaty with Japan in 1855, and Ruykyu Kingdom was the goal of Russian foreign policy in Far East any more. • Russian government made a conclusion to find another winter location for military ships, a place near Vladivostok was chosen

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