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Storage Networking

Storage Networking. Storage Trends. Storage growth Need for storage flexibility Simplify and automate management Continuous availability is required. Storage considerations. Capacity Performance Scalability Availability and Reliability Backup and recovery requirements

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Storage Networking

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  1. Storage Networking

  2. Storage Trends • Storage growth • Need for storage flexibility • Simplify and automate management • Continuous availability is required

  3. Storage considerations • Capacity • Performance • Scalability • Availability and Reliability • Backup and recovery requirements • Support/staff needs • Budget

  4. RAID • Consolidate multiple physical disks into a logical grouping • Designed for fault tolerance and performance improvement • Can be implemented in H/W or S/W • Several RAID levels exist

  5. Hardware RAID • Volume Management performed by RAID controller • Parity computation performed by the RAID controller – decreases server overhead • Dedicated cache memory improves server performance

  6. Software RAID • Performed by the server O/S • Parity computation performed by the server – increased overhead • RAID performance depends on the server performance and CPU load • For simple environments with lower performance and availability requirements

  7. Simple levels of RAID • RAID 0 – Striping • RAID 1 – Mirrored Volumes • RAID 2 – Bit-level striping with parity distributed to one or more disks • RAID 3 – Byte-level striping with dedicated parity disk • RAID 4 – Block-level striping with dedicated parity disk • RAID 5 – Block-level striping with distributed parity • RAID 6 – Block-level striping with distributed double parity

  8. Nested RAID • RAID 0+1: striped sets in a mirrored set • RAID 10 (or RAID 1+0): mirrored sets in a striped set • RAID 5+1: mirrored striped set with distributed parity (also known as RAID 53) • RAID 5+0: striped set of RAID-5 sets

  9. Block-level vs File-level access • File systems 2 views: 1. Data representation to users/applications (hierarchical view) 2. Storage organization (data structure) • Block-level access: write/read blocks; master/slave relationship • File-level access: using file names; client/server relationship

  10. DAS Block-level access File system is on the server SCSI protocol

  11. DAS

  12. NAS File-level access to the outside; block-level to the storage subsystem File system is on the NAS device Clients IP Network File Protocol: SMB/CIFS, NFS, etc. Servers

  13. NAS

  14. SAN Block-level access File system is on the server Storage Area Network SCSI over Fibre Channel Servers

  15. SAN

  16. IP Storage • Traditional SANs used Fibre Channel protocol and storage technology to connect SAN at gigabit speeds • SCSI commands transmitted over FCP • Expensive • Requires dedicated network equipment/architecture

  17. IP Storage • As an alternative, existing IP infrastructure can be used • FCIP, iFC protocols allow Fibre Channel devices to be connected over IP networks • iSCSI allows SCSI commands to be encapsulated to be transferred through an IP network

  18. iSCSI • Allows SAN utilize TCP/IP for block-level data transfer • Transport for SCSI commands • Existing networks (routers/switches) can be utilized – no need for special equipment • With current network technologies supporting gigabit speeds, comparable to FC in speed

  19. NAS-SAN Integration

  20. Distributed File Systems • SMB/CIFS; Samba (Windows-based systems) • NFS (Unix-based) • AFS (Unix) • AFP (MAC) • NCP (Netware)

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