Conservation of Energy Unit PowerPoint

1. Conservation of Energy Unit PowerPoint Michelle A. O’Malley 6th Grade Science League Academy of Communication Arts

2. Helpful Unit Websites • BBC http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/10_11/science_10_11.shtmlThis website gives students the opportunity to experiment with forces as well as electric circuits. (applies to standards 6-5.6) • California Energy Commission http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/This website provides numerous resources about types of energy and energy conservation – contains puzzles, games, and energy stories (applies to standards 6-5.1  6-5.5) • http://www.edheads.org/activites/simple-machines/This website contains a variety of interactive activities about simple machines. (applies to standard 6-5.8) • http://volweb.utk.edu/Schools/sullivan/colonial/electricity.htmlThis webquest is designed to explore conductors and insulators, series and parallel circuits, electric charge, electrical current, electrical safety, electrical power and fossil fuels. (applies to standards 6-5.1  6-5.4) • http://edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/electric.htmlThis site contains several links to a variety of websites about electricity. (applies to standards 6.5-1  6-5.4) • National Energy Education Development Project http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/science/formsofenergy.htmlThis site contains information about forms of energy, conservation of energy, and energy efficiency. (applies to standards 6-5.1, 6.5.2, and 6-5.4) • Thinkquest http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/This website discusses different types of energy, potential and kinetic energy and conservation of energy. The energy crises is described as well as alternative sources of energy. (applies to standards 6-5.1, 6-5.2, and 6-5.4)

3. Standard: 6-5.1 • Identify the sources and properties of heat, solar, chemical mechanical, and electrical energy.

4. Standard 6-5.1 • Essential Questions: 1) What is energy? 2) What can energy do? 3) What are the different forms of energy? • Unit Vocabulary: Heat, Thermal, Sound, Chemical, Mechanical, Electrical, Potential, Kinetic, Electromagnetic, and Nuclear • Extra Vocabulary: Temperate Zone, Ultraviolet Radiation, Wind-Chill Factor, Protozoan, Red Tide, and Rhizoid (Glossaries Used: Weather; Bacteria and Plants)

5. Unit Vocabulary for Standard 6-5.1 • Heat – thermal energy that is transferred from one substance to another. • Thermal energy – the total energy of the particles in an object. • Sound – something audible; something that can be heard. • Chemical energy – the potential energy stored in chemical bonds. • Mechanical energy – kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object. • Electrical energy – the energy of moving electric charges • Potential energy – the energy that is stored and held in readiness • Kinetic energy – the energy that an object has due to its motion • Electromagnetic energy – the energy of light and other forms of radiation • Nuclear energy – the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

6. Helpful Websites for Standard 6-5.1 • http://www.ftexploring.com/energy/enrg-types.htm Overview on energy • http://www.cinergy.com/envirofun/energy_forms_101.htm Focus on energy resources • http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter01.html Intro (What is Energy?) – energy measurement • http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/science/formsofenergy.html good classification chart of the forms of energy under kinetic or potential

7. Energy Intro to Energy (1:22) and What is Energy (1:50) Forms of Energy (10:00) • Energy is the ability to cause changes in matter and involves either motion or position, but that energy can be in many different forms. • There are many forms of energy, such as heat, solar, chemical, mechanical, and electrical.

8. Heat Energy • Heat energy is the total energy of the particles that make up an object. • The faster these particles move, the higher the temperature of the object and the more heat energy it has. • The Sun, material that is burning, and electricity are sources of heat energy.

9. Solar Energy • Solar Energy is the energy from the Sun, which provides heat and light energy for Earth. • Green plants use solar energy during photosynthesis to produce sugar, which contains stored Chemical Energy.

10. Chemical Energy • Chemical Energy is energy stored in particles of matter. • Chemical energy can be released, for example in batteries or sugar/food, when these particles react to form new substances.

11. Mechanical Energy • Mechanical Energy is the energy due to the motion and position of an object. It is the total energy in a system. • Machines are a source of mechanical energy but so is falling water, or a human arm or leg.

12. Electrical Energy • Electrical Energy is the energy flowing in an electric circuit. • A battery and generator are sources of electrical energy.

13. Standard: 6-5.2 • Explain how energy can be transformed from one form to another (including the two types of mechanical energy, potential and kinetic, as well as chemical and electrical energy) in accordance with the law of conservation of energy.

14. Standard 6-5.2 • Essential Questions: 1) What is the law of conservation of energy? 2) How is energy transformed from one form to another? 3) How is energy conserved in a system? • Unit Vocabulary: Law of Conservation, Transformation, Heat, Thermal, Sound, Chemical, Mechanical, Electrical, Potential, Kinetic, Electromagnetic, and Nuclear • Extra Vocabulary: Metamorphosis, Molars, Molting, Machine, Mechanical Advantage, and Net Force (Glossaries Used: Animals; Motion, Forces, and Energy)

15. Unit Vocabulary for Standard 6-5.2 • Law of Conservation of energy – the rule that energy can not be created or destroyed. • Energy Transformation – when one form of energy changes to another form of energy. • Heat – thermal energy that is transferred from one substance to another. • Thermal energy – the total energy of the particles in an object. • Sound – something audible; something that can be heard. • Chemical energy – the potential energy stored in chemical bonds. • Mechanical energy – kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object. • Electrical energy – the energy of moving electric charges • Potential energy – the energy that is stored and held in readiness • Kinetic energy – the energy that an object has due to its motion • Electromagnetic energy – the energy of light and other forms of radiation • Nuclear energy – the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

16. Helpful Websites for Standard 6-5.2(Same as videos for Standard 6-5.1) • http://www.ftexploring.com/energy/enrg-types.htm Overview on energy • http://www.cinergy.com/envirofun/energy_forms_101.htm Focus on energy resources • http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter01.html Intro (What is Energy?) – energy measurement • http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/science/formsofenergy.html good classification chart of the forms of energy under kinetic or potential

17. Law of Conservation of Energy Law of Conservation of Energy (4:35) • The total amount of energy in the object or the system does not change when the type of energy changes from one form to another. • This is known as the Law of Conservation of Energy • This law is true for all types of energy transformations. • Energy is not created or destroyed during any energy transformation. • Energy is only changed in form.

18. Mechanical Energy Potential and Kinetic Energy (2:07) • Mechanical Energy is all the energy that is in a moving object. • A moving car, a rolling bicycle, a flying airplane, and blowing wind all have mechanical energy • There are two types of Mechanical Energy: • Potential Energy • Kinetic Energy

19. Potential Energy • All substances have potential energy, which is stored energy or energy of position. • Batteries, for example, contain stored energy that can be used to produce electricity. • A stretched rubber band has elastic potential energy. • Water behind a dam has gravitational potential energy because it can fall down the dam.

20. Kinetic Energy Seven forms of Energy (5:05) • All substances have kinetic energy of motion. • Any matter in motion has kinetic energy. • There are many forms of kinetic energy, for example, thermal energy, electrical energy, light energy, and sound energy because something is moving in all these forms of energy.

21. Potential/Kinetic Energy Transformations Potential and Kinetic Energy (4:16) • When water is behind a dam, it has potential energy of position. • The potential energy of the water changes to kinetic Energy in the movement of the water as it flows over the dam. • Batteries contain potential energy in their storedchemicals, which changes to kinetic energy in the electrical energy of the current when they are wired in a complete circuit.

22. Energy Transformations: Chemical Energy • Chemical Energy is a form of potential energy or storedenergy. • When plants make sugar it becomes a form of chemical energy. • Plants transform light or solar energy to chemical energy in sugar produced during the process of photosynthesis. • The Chemical energy (stored energy) in sugar is transformed to mechanical and heat energy in animals that eat the sugar in plants.

23. Energy Transformations: Electrical Energy What is Electricity (00:54) • Electrical Energy can be easily transformed into other forms of energy. • The electrical energy moving through the wires in an electric circuit can be transformed to heat energy in a light bulb and cause it to glow as it transforms to light energy, or electrical energy can be transformed to mechanical energy in a motor in the electric circuit.

24. Standard: 6-5.3 • Explain how magnetism and electricity are interrelated by using descriptions, models, and diagrams of electromagnets, generators, and simple electrical motors.

25. Standard 6-5.3 • Essential Questions: 1) What is magnetism? 2) What are the properties of magnets? 3) What is the relationship between magnetism and electricity? 4) What devices show the relationship between magnetism and electricity? • Unit Vocabulary: Magnets, Magnetic Fields, Electric Current, Electric Circuit, Electromagnets, Generators, Electric Motors • Extra Vocabulary: Grounded, Induction, Input Device, Ozone, Polar (air mass), and Polar Zones (Glossaries Used: Electricity; Weather)

26. Unit Vocabulary for Standard 6-5.3 • Magnets – are formed when an electric current flowing through a wire is wrapped around an iron core. • Magnetic Fields – the region around a magnet where the magnetic force is exerted. • Electric Current – the flow of electric charges through a material • Electric Circuit – a complete path through which electric charges can flow. • Electromagnets – a strong magnet that can be turned on and off; a solenoid with a ferromagnetic core. • Generators – produces an electric current when a coil of wire wrapped around an iron core is rotated near a magnet. • Electric Motors – a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy to turn an axle.

27. Helpful Websites for Standard 6-5.3 • http://www.emints.org/ethemes/resources/S00000104.shtml links page for magnetism • http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/science/formsofenergy.html forms of energy classified into kinetic and potential energy • http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0816998.html Facts about electromagnets • http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/motor.htm how electric motors work • http://ippex.pppl.gov/interactive/electricity/intro.html interactive tutor for electricity. Relates magnetism to electricity.

28. Magnetism and Electricity are interrelated Junior Electrician: Magnetism (15:00) • An electric current flowing through a wire wrapped around an iron core forms a magnet. • A coil of wire spinning around a magnet or a magnet spinning around a coil of wire can form an electric current. • Examples of how magnetism and electricity are interrelated, are demonstrated through electromagnets, generators, and simpleelectricmotors.

29. Electromagnets Electromagnets (2:16) • An Electromagnet is formed when a wire in an electric circuit is wrapped around an iron core. • A magnet will loose its magnetic force if the electric current stops flowing.

30. Generators Generators (1:16) • A Generator produces an electric current when a coil of wire wrapped around an iron core is rotated near a magnet. • Generators that produce electric current for our homes contain coils of wire that are stationary, and rotatingmagnets are connected to turbines that are huge wheels that rotate when pushed by water, wind, or steam. • Thus mechanical energy is changed to electrical energy in a generator.

31. Simple Electric Motors Electrical Flow (2:04) and Series & Parallel Circuits (00:36) • An Electric motor changes electrical energy to mechanical energy. • It contains an electromagnet that rotates between the poles of a magnet. • The coil of the electromagnet is connected to a battery or other source of electric current. • When an electric current flows through the wire in the electromagnet, a magnetic field is produced in the coil

32. Simple Electric Motors Electricity and Magnetism: The Magic of Magnets (17:14) • Like poles of the magnets repel each other. • Unlike poles of magnets attract each other. • When poles of magnets repel or attract each other, it causes the coil to rotate and thus changes electrical energy to mechanical energy. • This rotating coil of wire can be attached to a shaft and a blade in an electric fan.

33. Standard: 6-5.4 • Illustrate energy transformations (including the production of light, sound, heat, and mechanical motion) in electrical circuits

34. Standard 6-5.4 • Essential Questions: 1) How can electricity in a circuit be transformed into other forms of energy? • Unit Vocabulary: (repeated terms) Law of conservation, transformation, heat, thermal, sound, chemical, mechanical, electrical, potential, kinetic, electromagnetic, and nuclear • Extra Vocabulary: Gametophyte, Genetic Engineering, Prokaryote, Monotreme, Notochord, and nymph (Glossaries Used: Bacteria and Plants; Animals)

35. Unit Vocabulary for Standard 6-5.4 • Law of Conservation of energy – the rule that energy can not be created or destroyed. • Energy Transformation – when one form of energy changes to another form of energy. • Heat – thermal energy that is transferred from one substance to another. • Thermal energy – the total energy of the particles in an object. • Sound – something audible; something that can be heard. • Chemical energy – the potential energy stored in chemical bonds. • Mechanical energy – kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object. • Electrical energy – the energy of moving electric charges • Potential energy – the energy that is stored and held in readiness • Kinetic energy – the energy that an object has due to its motion • Electromagnetic energy – the energy of light and other forms of radiation • Nuclear energy – the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

36. Helpful Websites for Standard 6-5.4 • http://hypertextbook.com/physics/electricity/resources.shtml Links page for resources on electricity and magnetism • http://www.emints.org/ethemes/resources/S00000319.shtml links page to many resources for circuits and electricity • http://www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResource.dspetail&ResourceID=29 Click “launch gizmo” then go to “circuits” to explore circuits • http://www.uce.ac.uk/education/research/cript/electricity%20book/frame%20start.htm electricity book is a tutorial with questions about electricity and electrical circuits.

37. Energy Transformations in Electrical Currents • Energy can be transformed from one form to another for example, light, sound, heat, and mechanical motion in an electric circuit.

38. Creation of Light using an electric circuit The Light Bulb (00:58) • Light can be produced in an electric circuit if a light bulb is added to the circuit.

39. Creation of sound using an electric circuit • Sound can be produced in an electric circuit if a bell, buzzer, radio, or TV is added to the circuit.

40. Creation of Heat using an electric circuit • Heat can be produced in an electric circuit if a toaster, stove, or heater is added to the circuit.

41. Creation of Mechanical Motion Understanding Electricity (49:38) • Mechanical Motion can be produced in an electric circuit if a fan, motor, or generator is added to the circuit.

42. Standard: 6-5.5 • Illustrate the directional transfer of heat energy through convection, radiation, and conduction.

43. Standard 6-5.5 • Essential Questions: 1) How does heat move from place to place? • Unit Vocabulary: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation • Extra Vocabulary: Momentum, Motion, Newton, Insulator, Integrated Circuit, and Magnetic Declination (Glossaries Used: Motion, Forces, and Energy; Electricity and Magnetism)

44. Unit Vocabulary for Standard 6-5.5 • Conduction – the transfer of heat between particles within a substance. • Convection – the transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid. • Radiation – the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

45. HelpfulWebsites for Standard 6-5.5 • http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/heattransfer/heattransfer.html overview of conduction, convection, and radiation • http://ccc.atmos.colostate.edu/~hail/teachers/lessons/heat_transfer.htm activity involving heat transfer and weather. • http://www.mansfieldct.org/Schools/MMS/staff/hand/convcondrad.htm overview of conduction, convection, and radiation. Includes a link to a heat transfer review game/quiz.

46. Transfer of Heat Energy Movement of Heat (3:38) • Energy transfer of heat can occur in three ways: • Conduction • Convection • Radiation

47. Energy Transfer:Conduction Conductors and Insulators (4:42) Conduction (00:53) • Conduction involves objects in direct contact. • Heat energy transfer occurs between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact. • The energy transfers from an area of higher temperature to an area of lower temperature.

48. Energy Transfer:Convection Convection (1:30) Convection (00:44) • Convection is the transfer of heat energy in liquids or gases by the movement of the heated particles. • In convection, particles with higher energy move from one location to another carrying their energy with them. • Particles with the higher energy move from warmer to cooler parts of the fluid.

49. Energy Transfer:Radiation Radiation and the Sun (2:28) Radiation (00:20) • Radiation is the transfer of energy through space without particles of matter colliding or moving to transfer the energy. • Heat energy moves from an area of highertemperature to an area of coolertemperature

50. Standard: 6-5.6 • Recognize that energy is the ability to do work (force exerted over a distance).