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Gender Empowerment and Economic Development

Gender Empowerment and Economic Development. Zsuzsanna Lippai zl5590a@student.american.edu American University School of International Service. Research question. Is there a correlation between the level of economic development and gender empowerment* ?

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Gender Empowerment and Economic Development

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  1. Gender Empowerment and Economic Development Zsuzsanna Lippai zl5590a@student.american.edu American University School of International Service

  2. Research question Is there a correlation between the level of economic development and gender empowerment* ? Is there a significant difference in terms of women empowerment between Eastern Europe and the rest of the world? H0: There is no correlation between developed and developing countries H1: The two issues are correlated. *measured in GDP/capita and annual growth rate of GDP/capita

  3. Background info - Lit Review • Permanyer, I.: On the Measurement of Gender Equality and Gender-related Development Levels. Journal of Human Development, Vol. 9 No.1 March 2008, pp. 87-108. • Schaap, M. M. et ali.: Female ever-smoking, education, emancipation and economic development in 19 European countries, Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 68, No. 7, April 2009, pp. 1271-1278.

  4. Data (2007) • N=190; level of measurement: country • Dependent variable : Gender Empowerment Measure (I-R) • Independent variables: • UNDP HDI: • GDP per capita • Annual Growth Rate of GDP/capita (%) • Female combined gross enrolment ratio • Seats in the Parliament (% held by women) • Legislators, senior officials and managers (%) • Professional and technical workers (%) • Earned income ratio (estimated) female to male • CIRI: • Women's social rights (1-3) • Women's economic rights (1-3) • Dummy variables: • Eastern Europe or Other • Western or Other

  5. Descriptive Statistics

  6. Descriptive Statistics

  7. Regression Analysis

  8. Regression Analysis

  9. Regression Analysis

  10. Conclusions • No correlation/difference based on region (ie. Eastern European/Western) • GDP/capita and GME: moderate/strong positive correlation: the higher the development level is, the more women are empowered; 56.2% of the GEM variation is explained by the model (reject H0) • Gender empowerment is one non-economic important aspect of development • Attention to structural issues such as gender issues; more cooperation

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