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Gender and Development

AP Human Geography. Gender and Development. Main Idea. Equality between men and women is a sign of development. In MDC’s, women are more educated, make more $, and have more decision making power. The opposite is true in LDC’s. Nowhere in the world are women statistically equal to men.

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Gender and Development

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  1. AP Human Geography Gender and Development

  2. Main Idea • Equality between men and women is a sign of development. • In MDC’s, women are more educated, make more $, and have more decision making power. • The opposite is true in LDC’s. • Nowhere in the world are women statistically equal to men.

  3. Measuring Gender Equality Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) • Same measures as HDI, but centered on gender. • Economic • Per capita income M vs. F • Education • Females in school vs. Males in school • % literate females vs. % literate males • Health • Life ex. of females vs. males • Measures the ability of women to participate in the process of improvement. • Economic • Per capita income M vs. F • % of women professional/ technical jobs • Political • % of admin. jobs held by women • % of women in national parliament

  4. Global GDI

  5. Income

  6. Education

  7. Global GEM

  8. Seats in Parliament

  9. Approaches to Development • To promote development, countries must choose one of two models: • Self-Sufficiency • International Trade

  10. Self-Sufficiency Approach • Spread investment equally across all sectors of the economy, in all regions of the country. • Whole country develops slowly but evenly. • Urban and rural develop at same pace. • Reducing poverty more important than individual wealth. • Promote national businesses through tariffs, quotas, and subsidies.

  11. Self-Sufficiency Approach: India • India provides a case study of an LDC that used the SSA for many years. • Difficult to import foreign goods • Quotas • Heavy taxes (2-3X price) • Subsides provided struggling businesses financial support.

  12. Made in India

  13. International Trade Approach • A country identifies unique economic assets. • Focus on one thing, do it well, and sell to the world! • Examples? • Oil, large/ cheap workforce, location • Unequal distribution of wealth, may benefit MDC’s • By the end of the 20th century, adopted by most LDC’s

  14. Rostow’s Model • 5 Step Approach to Intl. Development • 1. Traditional Society • 2. Pre-conditions for takeoff • 3. Takeoff • 4. Drive to Maturity • 5. Age of Mass Consumption

  15. International Trade Approach: Examples • “The Four Asian Dragons” • Lacked natural resources, focused on manufacturing electronics, clothing, cars (SK) • S. Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong • Arabian Peninsula States • Profits from oil lead to development • Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, UAE • Both groups sell to MDC’s in NA/ Europe

  16. Four Asian Tigers

  17. Made in South Korea

  18. Hong Kong

  19. Seoul, South Korea

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