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Unit 3

Unit 3. Email. Unit 2 Email. Main sentence Problems Email Writing Practice. Main Sentence Problems. Major points. 1. Main sentence problems(1); 2. How to correct; 3. Practice. Main Sentence Problems. Sentence fragments ( 片段句 ) 2. Run-on sentence ( 不间断句 )

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Unit 3

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  1. Unit 3 Email

  2. Unit 2 Email • Main sentence Problems • Email • Writing Practice

  3. Main Sentence Problems

  4. Major points • 1. Main sentence problems(1); • 2. How to correct; • 3. Practice.

  5. Main Sentence Problems • Sentence fragments(片段句) 2. Run-on sentence (不间断句) 3. Misplaced modifiers（修饰语错位） 4. Dangling modifiers(垂悬修饰语) 5. Confusing Shifts（转换混乱） 6. Choppy Sentences（断续句） 7.Stringy Sentences（连环句） 8. Ambiguous Pronoun Reference(代词指代不明） 9. Incomplete Construction(结构不完整) 10. Wordiness（罗嗦）

  6. Sentence Fragments(片段句) A sentence fragment means a word group that lacks a subject or/and a verb, or others, and cannot express a complete thought. (or: A sentence fragment is part of a sentence ( such as a phrase or a dependent or subordinate clause) which begins with a capitalized letter and ends as a sentence does.)

  7. 在英语中，词、词组、短语、从句、同位语是不能单独成句的。一旦它们单独成句便成sentence fragments。

  8. Four types of sentence fragments: 1. Fragments Without Verbs 2. Fragments Without Subjects 3. Fragments Without Subjects and Verbs 4. Fragments of Dependent Clauses

  9. How to correct sentence fragment ？ -- When we meet the sentence fragments, we usually attach them to their main/principle part in grammatical way or supply a subject and a predicate.

  10. e.g.: (1)After I arrived in Chicago by bus. I checked into a room. (Correct) After I arrived in Chicago by bus, I checked into a room.

  11. e.g.: (2)He talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes off his notes. Apparently not noticing that half the class was asleep. (Correct) He talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes off his notes. Apparently he did not notice that half the class was asleep.

  12. (3)Roger and Lester piling on at the goal line(球门线). (Correct) Roger and Lester were piling on at the goal line.

  13. (4)A woman to be respected and even feared. (Correct) She is a woman to be respected and even feared. (Correct) She is respected and even feared.

  14. Rewrite the fragments to make complete sentences: • Dana, who thought she had been given permission to use her book on the test. • Brenda puts a lot of pressure on her husband. Wants him to work all the time. • Encouraged by his luck. He returned to the game tables. • Because it had sat out for two weeks. The car refused to start. • Elizabeth has a definite goal in mind. To possess true independence of spirit.

  15. Run-on sentence(不间断句) It incorrectly runs together two independent clauses without any conjunction or punctuation. This kind of error is also called a run-togethersentence or comma splice. e.g.: She decided to stop smoking she didn’t want to die of lung cancer. (How to Correct it?)

  16. (1) Use a period and a capital letter to mark the break between the thought. • She decided to stop smoking. She didn’t want to die of lung cancer. (2) Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to connect the two complete thought. • She decided to stop smoking, for she didn’t want to die of lung cancer.

  17. (3) Use a semicolon to connect the two complete thought. • She decided to stop smoking; she didn’t want to die of lung cancer. (4) Change one of the independent thought into an dependent clause. • She decided to stop smoking because she didn’t want to die of lung cancer.

  18. How to correct this sentence? Getting married is easy, staying married is a different matter.

  19. 1) A period: Getting married is easy. Staying married is a different matter. 2) A semicolon: Getting married is easy; staying married is a different matter. 3) A coordinating conjunction: Getting married is easy, but staying married is a different matter.

  20. 4) A subordinating conjunction: Getting married is easy although staying married is a different matter. 5) A semicolon plus a conjunctive adverb: Getting married is easy; however, staying married is a different matter

  21. Correct the following run-on sentences, using the method indicated. San Francisco is a very cosmopolitan(世界性的) city, there are people from many cultures, and ethnic groups living there. • (Add a period)______________________ • (Add a semicolon)___________________ • (Add a subordinating conjunction)_______ • (Add a coordinating conjunction)________ • (Add a semicolon plus conjunctive adverb) ___________________________________

  22. The correct sentences: a.San Francisco is a very cosmopolitan city. There are people from many cultures and ethnic groups living there. b. San Francisco is a very cosmopolitan city; there are people from many cultures and ethnic groups living there. c. San Francisco is a very cosmopolitan city, for there are people from many cultures and ethnic groups living there. d. San Francisco is a very cosmopolitan city, and there are people from many cultures and ethnic groups living there. e. San Francisco is a very cosmopolitan city; there are people from many cultures and ethnic groups living there as well.

  23. Email • Introduction • Comparison between email and letter • Key elements in email writing • Format and Samples • Points in email writing

  24. Electronic mail, commonly called email or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or other computer networks. Some early email systems required that the author and the recipient both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need connect only briefly, typically to an email server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages.

  25. Email Letter Comparison between email and letterPros and cons of

  26. Key Elements of Email • An email message consists of three components, the message envelope, the message header, and the message body. The message header contains control information, including, minimally, an originator's email address and one or more recipient addresses. Usually descriptive information is also added, such as a subject header field and a message submission date/time stamp.

  27. Elements & Format of Email ________ Envelope ________ _______ Header _______ Body _______ Note: The format is cited from email system of SDU.

  28. To: Cc: Bcc: Subject: Attachment:

  29. Cc: Carbon copy(抄送）; Many email clients will mark email in your inbox differently depending on whether you are in the To: or Cc: list. Bcc: Blind Carbon Copy（暗送）; addresses added to the SMTP delivery list but not (usually) listed in the message data, remaining invisible to other recipients. SMTP: Simple Message Transfer Protocol 简单邮件传输协议（用于电子邮件的传输）

  30. Sample of Email

  31. Sample of Email

  32. Sample: An email from my student

  33. Points in Writing Email • 1. You email address should represent your identity in a way. • 2.According to its subject and recipient it may concern, Email can be written in a formal or an informal way . • 3. Subject should not be blank and irrelevant to the body. • 4. Some abbreviations are often used in email, such as BTW: by the way; CU: see you; FAQs: frequently asked questions; HTH: hope this helps; TIA: thanks in advance

  34. Writing Practice Write me an email talking about your problems and concerns in English learning, or give me some ideas on this class. My email: weigy@sdu.edu.cn. Your Email should not be over 150 words.

  35. That’s all. Thank you!

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