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Understanding Accumulators in Physics: Operation, Types, and Maintenance

This tutorial provides detailed information on accumulators as reservoirs of electrical energy, including their construction, types, operation control, and maintenance. Learn about the various types of accumulators, such as starting, deep-cycle, HD, and station accumulators, as well as their components like positive and negative plates, separators, and electrolyte. Discover essential maintenance tips to prevent capacity decrease and ensure a longer service life. Gain insights into accumulator freezing risks in winter, charging procedures, and common mistakes to avoid. Explore the impact of maintenance on accumulator performance and how to handle issues like Sulphatization. This resource is part of the project "Support of teaching technical subjects in English."

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Understanding Accumulators in Physics: Operation, Types, and Maintenance

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  1. Anglicky v odborných předmětech"Support ofteachingtechnicalsubjects in English“ Tutorial: Physics Topic: Accumulator Prepared by: RNDr. Ondřej Jeřábek Projekt Anglicky v odborných předmětech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/04.0002 je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

  2. Accumulator

  3. Accumulator General information: • Accumulator is a reservoir of electrical energy • Energy is supplied by car charging system or another power source outside car • Main structural components are positive and negative accumulator plates • Individual accumulator plates of opposite polarity are isolated by separators • Positive and negative accumulator set of plates makes cell with nominal voltage 2V

  4. Operationcontrolandmaintenance • Accumulator is very sensitive to maintenance • The result of bad maintenance is capacity decrease and shorter service life • Accumulator suffers mainly from impurities, small amount of electrolyte and inactivity • Accumulator discharges in inactivity, it results in plates´ sulphatization. Accumulator can freeze in winter and it can be damaged or destroyed because of decrease of electrolyte density.

  5. Accumulatortypes • Starting accumulators – main purpose is to supply large amount of energy for engine start • Deep-cycle accumulators – used for long time supply of exact electric energy amount • HD accumulators (heavy duty) – for high electric energy consumption and for difficult working conditions e.g. vibrations • Station accumulators – used to power supply of electrical appliances in temporary mode

  6. Accumulatorconstruction • Accumulator vessel– Hard rubber • Accumulator cover – it is covered by asphalt at rubber vessels, it is stuck to plastic vessel • Separators – separate electrodes – made of impregnated paper • Electrodes – made of lead alloys, calcium and silver.They are resistant to deep discharge and they have large amount of starting current. • Electrolyte – probably 36% aqueous solution of sulphuric acid

  7. Maintenance • Water evaporates gradually of cells • When cell electrolyte level decreases, it is fulfilled by distillate water to specified level • Accumulator surface can not be painted by oil or fat , it can not be cleaned by petrol or paraffin because these liquids dissolve poured materials • Pole connectors are cleaned but they are not canned.

  8. Accumulatorcharging • Accumulator which is used to charging must be kept clean • Plugs are unscrewed before charging to let producedgas leaveby charging leave. Electrolyte is refilled to cells with distillate water to specified level. • For example, normal charge current is 8,4 A for discharged accumulator 84 Ah and complete charging takes approximately 18 hours • It is charged to final signs of charging

  9. Activity I • Find out accumulator on the internet: • With voltage 6V and 12V • With capacity 60 A.h

  10. Activity II • Describe main accumulator components which you found on the Internet

  11. Literature • JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří . Automobily 1. Brno : Avid, 2004. 211 s. • JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří . Automobily 2. Brno : Avid, 2004. 120 s. • JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří . Automobily 3. Brno : Avid, 2004. 220 s. • JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří . Automobily 4. Brno : Avid, 2004. 350 s. Translation: • www.seznam.cz • www.slovnik.cz • JANATA, Petr. Handy slovník technický anglicko-český a česko-anglický. Plzeň: Nakladatelství Fraus, 2000. ISBN 80-7238-075-3 • Lingea LEXIKON 5, Technický slovník anglicko-český a česko-anglický. 2010.

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