DNA and Cells Evolved

1. DNA and Cells Evolved By Tiahja Coston

2. Introduction • Cells and DNA make up the human body as we know. But what we haven’t analyzed is to what extent does this occur? How highly does this effect our features, our health, and have we evolved? Do cells and DNA even evolve? These are the things we will be analyzing during this investigation.

3. Cells Part One: Parts that make up the cell. • The Nucleus controls the entire cell • The Nucleolus makes ribosomes, maybe more than one in a cell. It is found in the Nucleus. • Chromosomes determine what traits a living thing will have. This passes information from the parent to the offspring. • Cell Membrane gives the cell shape and holds the cytoplasm and controls what moves in and out of the cell. • Cytoplasm is a jellylike material where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place there and it is made up of mostly water and some other bodily chemicals. • Vaculoes is liquid fill and may store food, water, minerals, or wastes. There is maybe more than one. • The Mitochondria produces energy when food is broken down, often called the “powerhouse of the cell” • Ribosomes are where proteins are made and often

4. Different Types of Cells • There are cells in the human body and plant cells as well. Basically there are different types of cells for every living thing. This intern, proves there are many types of cells. It differs with each species it applies to.

5. The Plant Cell

6. The Plant Cell • The Plant cell is the central system of the plant, it allows the plant to function along with any other system you may study. The plant cell consists of: Cell wall, Cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus, nuclear membrane, chioroplast, mitochondrion, Golgi body, ribosomes, Smooth ER, Rough ER, centrosome, Amyloplast and Cytoplasm.

7. The Animal Cell

8. The Animal Cell • An animal cell typically contains several types of membrane-bound organs, or organelles. The nucleus directs activities of the cell and carries genetic information from generation to generation. The mitochondria generate energy for the cell. Proteins are manufactured by ribosomes, which are bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum or float free in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and distributes proteins while lysosomes store enzymes for digesting food. The entire cell is wrapped in a lipid membrane that selectively permits materials to pass in and out of the cytoplasm.

9. Similarities and Differences • SimilaritiesAll the organelles and structures that animal cells have plants cells contain except for flagella, lysosomes and centrioles. These are only sometimes found in plant cells although usually not.DifferencesPlant cells contain chloroplasts, which capture sunlight, which the plant uses for photosynthesis. Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls, which make them very sturdy. Plant cells contain a large central vacuole which stores water.

10. Conclusion • All and all, you can see that without cells, no type of living organism ranging from plant to a human can survive. The cells do all the work in order to keep the organism sustained.