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DNA: Instructions for Cells

DNA: Instructions for Cells. stands for deoxyribonucleic acid genetic material found inside the nucleus contains all of the instructions that cells need to function. All “body” or somatic cells contain the same DNA. Build a DNA Molecule. What is DNA?. Structure of DNA.

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DNA: Instructions for Cells

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  1. DNA: Instructions for Cells

  2. stands for deoxyribonucleic acid • genetic material found inside the nucleus • contains all of the instructions that cells need to function. • All “body” or somatic cells contain the same DNA. • Build a DNA Molecule What is DNA?

  3. Structure of DNA • DNA molecules are shaped like a twisted ladder (a double helix) • DNA is made of repeating building blocks called nucleotides. • Each nucleotide is represented by a different letter: • A (adenine) • T (thymine) • C (cytosine) • G (guanine)

  4. What is a Gene? • Genes are instructions for making proteins. • Proteins are used for structure in our cells/bodies, enzymes and hormones. • One strand of DNA contains many genes

  5. What is a Chromosome? • Each cell contains about 3m of DNA • To fit inside the nucleus, strands of DNA are wrapped around proteins and tightly coiled into structures called chromosomes. • Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (23 from each parent=46)

  6. Traits are features that are passed on from one generation to another. • Traits can be • Physical (hair colour, eye colour, freckles, etc) • Behavioural (instincts) • Predisposition to disease (Cystic Fibrosis, diabetes, cancer etc) What are Traits?

  7. a change in the sequence of A, T, C, and G • It is like changing one letter in a sentence. • It may affect the instructions for how to make a protein. • Mutations can be passed from one generation to the next (inherited) • They can occur spontaneously or be caused by exposure to mutagens (chemicals, UV, cigarette smoke, viruses etc) What are Genetic Mutations?

  8. Testing individuals to see if they have a gene that is associated with a certain disease. • Genetic diseases mentioned in text; PKU, Huntington’s • others? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65xf1olEpQM8min video • Huntington • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HgFUvVyHYQ DNA Screening

  9. Your Task • Complete Activity 1-2 on p.21 • Groups are assigned. homework • P.18 #1-4 • P.28 #1-3,6

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