Overview on Geo 3D Project

1. Overview on Geo 3D Project Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information Constantin Radu Gogu Daniel Monfort Violeta Velasco Jordi Font-Capó Enric Vázquez – Suñe Jesús Carrera GRUPO HIDROLOGÍA SUBTERRÁNEA (UPC) UPC, November 6, 2008

2. Content : • - Project goal • Current trends and situation • Project overview • Modeling integrated scheme • - Conclusions & Discussions Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

3. Project goal Ideal objective Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by real time updating of the geological and of the hydrogeological model, using real time information concerning the geological materials and the hydrogeological and deformation behavior registered during the excavation of the tunnel. Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

4. Project goal Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

5. Project goal Idea • Visualization of the geological model (control cabin) continuously updated function of the observations and the tunneling process recorded parameters: • - excavated material type (granulometry and mineralogy), • hydrogeological parameters (hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head, fluxes) • mechanical resistance (cohesion, friction angle) • soil deformation Advantage - Normal conditions: the machine parameters could have an optimal adjustment - Identification of problematic zones: the excavated material does not coincide with predicted Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

6. Project goal Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

7. Currenttrendsandsituation Existing situation • study and model the hydrogeological parameters the geological information could be really improved • few applications of groundwater behavior related to tunneling aspects can be found in the literature. • Hydrogeological parameters are analyzed or modeled to study: • ● seepage effects, • ● pressures to determine the subsidence, tunnel ring deformations, longitudinal displacements and related consequences. • Analysis usually is performed to study the execution aspects or the tunnel behavior in time and less for geology prediction. Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

8. Currenttrendsandsituation How works the tunneling process ? Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

9. Applied Pressure at the Tunnel Face Natural Pressure at the Tunnel Face Fconf Ptop Confinement Pressure gradient Fground Fwater Currenttrendsandsituation How works the tunneling process ? Pressures interacting on the tunnel face Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

10. ~ 2-3 dias 0 - 25% 50% - 80% 0 - 25% Levantamientos Escudo Asientos Currenttrendsandsituation How works the tunneling process ? Approximate settlement ranges observed in tunneling excavated in granular media Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

11. y i Smax Geometry of the settlement produced by tunnel excavation expressed by the Gaussian curve H R S(y) Currenttrendsandsituation How works the tunneling process ? Subsidence produced by the tunnel excavation (Peck, 1969) with the transition point i = K ×H, where K - ground coefficient; H – Vs – volume of the settlement Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

12. Ground level Water level Top of the molasses 11.00 5.50 CPI 1 0.75 2.25 CPI 2 7.48 Currenttrendsandsituation Study case - Emeriault and Kastinger (2008) • evolution of pore pressures in two cells installed in the tunnel axis: • - located within the tunnel boring machine pass (CPI2) and was destroyed during excavation • located at 0,75 m above the tunnel crown (CPI1). • homogeneous geology • (Toulouse molasses: hard sandy clay with pockets and lenses of very dense sand) • homogenous geotechnical characteristics • the average cover ranges between 10 and 20 m • groundwater table 4 m below ground level. Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

13. Currenttrendsandsituation

14. Currenttrendsandsituation Study case - Yamamoto et al. (2003) - system using geostatistics to evaluate the geological conditions ahead and surrounding of the tunnel face simultaneously with excavation - relationships between drill energy coefficient in the region ahead of the face of the tunnel derived from the drill logging data and the excavating energy or the rock mass strength Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

15. Currenttrendsandsituation Study case - Yamamoto et al. (2003) The amount of energy required to bore a unit volume of ground “drilled energy coefficient : Ev = (E×N)/(V×A) E – drill energy per strike N – striking times/sec V – drilling speed A – area of cross-section The rock mass strength σc(F) = F/(C1×Pe) σc(F) – rock mass strength F – thrust load Pe– penetration C1– constant The excavating energy Qv = F/A + 2π N×Tr/(A×V) Qv– excavation energy F – thrust load A – area of cross-section N – cutter revolutions/min Tr – cutter torque V – excavating speed Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

16. Currenttrendsandsituation Study case - Yamamoto et al. (2003) Evaluating the geological conditions - made in three steps: - the drill energy coefficient derived from drill logging at each measuring location ahead of the face was converted into excavating energy and rock mass strength based on a predetermined correlation coefficient - the spatial distribution of these converted values was modeled using the mean function and the covariance function of the spatial structure - the kriging method was used to estimate the distributions of the rock mass strength and the excavating energy of the area ahead of the face. Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

17. Currenttrendsandsituation Study case - Yamamoto et al. (2003) Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

18. Project overview Working directions • data collection: a large campaign of geophysical and hydrogeological field tests made before, during, and after the tunnel excavation; • development a hydrogeological model simulating the aquifer behavior during and after the tunnel execution; • studying the entire set of parameters provided by the tunneling machine during the excavation process together with the variables resulted during the field tests and the hydrogeological models outputs; • design and the development of a 3D geological spatial data platform designed to manage spatial and temporal data. Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

19. Project overview Data collection Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

20. Project overview Data collection Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

21. Project overview Data collection Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

22. Project overview Data collection Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

23. TMB parameters Initial geological & Hydrogeological Data Soil Displacements 3D Interpreted geological Data Tunnel technical parametres 3D Geologic model Geospatial Database interface (Spatial/Time dependent query and visualization) Piezometry and Deformation daily data entry Hydrogeological & Deformation modeling software (Code Bright) 3D Geologic modeling software (gOcad) 3D Tunneling model (3D geological model & the tunnel trajectory) Deriving the parametres Updating the model Geological / Geotechnical parameters at the excavation section (ex. estimated excavating energy, soil strength) TMB parameters Current cross-section Recorded vs Predicted estimated parameters Geological / Geotechnical parameters on the excavation-section - (ex. estimated soil strength, excavating energy) Updating the parametres 3D tunnel graphic animation Analysis Management Visualization Software Platform installed on the TBM Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

24. Modeling integrated scheme 3D - Visualization software tests Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

25. Modeling integrated scheme 3D - Visualization software tests Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

26. Modeling integrated scheme 3D - Visualization software tests Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

27. Modeling integrated scheme 3D - Visualization software tests Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

28. Conclusions & Discussions Before the excavation of a tunnel, only surface exposures and boreholes are usually used to assess the geology and the lithology. Their results are extrapolated to the designed tunnel and its surrounding area. An accurate hydrogeological analysis provides trustful information on the geological characteristics. Because they are time and effort consuming the hydrogeological assessment techniques are almost unused in characterizing the tunneling conditions. Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

29. Conclusions & Discussions Future analyzing and modeling data in tunnel activity will be taken by software platforms combining the two software types: GIS and CAD. GIS packages and spatial databases will be used manage and visualize spatial data and the geological spatial models are build in dedicated 3D CAD applications. A prediction model to give fast responses for the lithological uncertainties in the proximity of the tunnel face, could be by focusing the quantification procedure of the soil mass strength and the excavation energy by using soil lithological properties. These two parameters derived from the lithological properties can be compared with the same parameters derived from the TBM. Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

30. Conclusions & Future work Data acquisition General - more complex test site - other lithological distribution with more contrasted characteristics - …. better.. a problematic test site Geophysics - a deeper electric tomography - seismic tomography - diagraphy Stratigraphy - accurate and detailed granulometry Geotechnics - geotechnical data acquisition and laboratory tests Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

31. Conclusions & Future work Data acquisition Tunneling machine data - data machine parameters with a shorter time step (min) Soil deformation data - shorter time step - real time data acquisition system Excavated material - take more samples on each excavated section Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

32. Conclusions & Future work Data analysis - this experience was a learning process - improve data analysis by relating the recorded parameters: (ex. – pressure of injection / hydraulic heads; granulometry/ TMB parameters, etc) - compare soil resistance (CPTU) with TBM parameters (F,M) Modeling - model the groundwater flux and soil deformation - model 3D is necessary - Geostatistics / ANN (software platform) Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information

33. Thank you for your attention !

34. Conclusions & Discussions The civil engineers forgot about groundwater ! Not in terms of existence (because it produces a lot of problems … for them) But … in terms of extracting information ! It means by using groundwater data to better quantify the geological information. Geo 3D - Improvement of the TBM tunneling process by using real time information