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KINGDOM PLANTAE

KINGDOM PLANTAE. Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta. Seeds Subphylum Spermopsida. Seeds ‘naked’. Seeds enclosed. Class Angiospermidia. Class Gymnospermidia. Sub Class Magnoliopsida DICOTS. Sub Class Liliopsida MONOCOTS. Summary of Class Angiospermidia.

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KINGDOM PLANTAE

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  1. KINGDOM PLANTAE Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta Seeds Subphylum Spermopsida Seeds ‘naked’ Seeds enclosed Class Angiospermidia Class Gymnospermidia Sub Class Magnoliopsida DICOTS Sub Class Liliopsida MONOCOTS

  2. Summary of Class Angiospermidia • True roots (with vascular tissue) • Reproduction without water (evolved flower) • Protective covering around embryo (seed) – can survive winter • Improved conducting tissue: thicker and stronger xylem. Became taller.

  3. Class Angiospermidia‘enclosed seeds’(flowering plants) • Evolved (from a Gingko like tree) approximately 135 million years ago in the JURASSIC ERA. 2. 235,000 to 300,000 species (90% of Kingdom Plantae) 3. Ubiquitous (found everywhere) 4. Not as dependent on wind as a means of reproduction (use pollinators). This greatly increased their chances of survival.

  4. 5. Made improvements in reproduction to occupy areas vacated by the ferns. Adapted to more moderate climates.

  5. PISTIL (female) is made up of: • Stigma – sticky and ‘catches’ pollen • Style – carries pollen to the ovary • Ovary – contains the eggs. • Ovule – surrounds the eggs

  6. STAMEN (male) is made up of: • Anthers – produce pollen • Filament – raises anthers in the air

  7. ACCESSORY ORGANS: function in attracting the ‘VECTOR’ (pollinator/ seed distributor) with colour, odor and nectar. • Petal: brightly coloured to attract vector • Sepal: ‘leaves’; protects flower when it’s closed up • Receptacle: releases odour • Nectar: found at the base of the ovary

  8. Pollen • Small amount of pollen as compared to conifers. • Less energy required. • More energy is in the flower to ensure precise cross-pollination.

  9. FERTILIZATION • A specific pollen lands on the stigma and grows a pollen tube to the ovary. • One sperm (gametophyte) will fertilize the egg (gametophyte) to form a zygote. • After fertilization, the zygote will grow to form an embryo. • A 2nd sperm fertilizes a diploid ENDOSPERM cell and this becomes triploid (3N). • It grows rapidly, fills the ovule (which surrounds the embryo) and eventually becomes the SEED.

  10. Double fertilization • 1 pollen grain (sperm) fertilizes the egg to form a zygote becomes an embryo • Another pollen grain fertilizes a polar nuclei  endosperm (food for the zygote) • endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition

  11. Leaves: reticulate or parallel venation • More developed vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)

  12. Monocots vs Dicots • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gI2RxzAT-ww

  13. Dicots (ie: rose, apple trees…) • Two seed cotelydons • Germinates and puts off 2 leaves • Has a netted vein pattern • Contains annuals, bi-annuals (2 years), perennials (every year) • Herbaceous & woody forms

  14. Monocots(ie: grass, grains, onions, lilies, tulips…) • One seed cotelydon • Germinates and puts off 1 leaf • Has a parallel vein pattern • Mostly annuals (grow 1 year and die) • All are Herbaceous (non-woody)

  15. POLLINATORS

  16. SEED DISPERSAL

  17. Uses for Angiosperms • Remove CO2 and add O2 to atmosphere • ALL the food we eat (except that which we have already mentioned) including MEAT. • The majority of our medicines • Some are poisonous (rosary bean and castor bean) • Beauty and inspiration • Drugs • Paper and clothes • Building materials (birch, maple, oak)

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