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RADIOLOGY

RADIOLOGY. As Clinical Anatomy. E-mail: x-ray@med.sc.edu Radiology Website: http://radiology.med.sc.edu Radiology Department: Basement of Library 733-3295. Francis Neuffer M.D. U.S.C. School of Medicine . WHAT IS RADIOLOGY?.

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RADIOLOGY

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  1. RADIOLOGY As Clinical Anatomy E-mail: x-ray@med.sc.edu Radiology Website: http://radiology.med.sc.edu Radiology Department: Basement of Library 733-3295 FrancisNeuffer M.D. U.S.C. School of Medicine Francis Neuffer, Radiologist

  2. WHAT IS RADIOLOGY? • MEDICAL SPECALITY THAT SUPERVISES AND INTERPRETS IMAGING STUDIES • REPORTS FINDINGS TO REFERRING PHYSICIANS • ANATOMY VS PATHOLOGY

  3. Radiologist Role • Separate: normal and abnormal • Characterize: abnormality • Determine: extent (stage) of disease • Suggest: diagnosis-differential • Recommend: further exams/follow-up

  4. X-RAY • DISCOVERED AND NAMED BY DR. W. C. RÖENTGEN AT UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG, 1895 • AWARDED FIRST NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS, 1901 • DID NOT PATENT INVENTION

  5. COURSE GOALS • RELATE IMAGING TO GROSS ANATOMY • SEE CLINICAL RELATIONSHIP TO BASIC SCIENCE • UNDERSTAND BASICS OF IMAGE GENERATION • APPRECIATE CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS • DEVELOP IMAGING VOCABULARY

  6. PROJECTION VS. TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE

  7. AP FOOT (ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR)

  8. LATERAL FOOT

  9. TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES ARE IN A SPECIFIC PLANE AXIAL CORONAL SAGITTAL RT RT

  10. CT- EXAMPLE RT CT REFERENCE FILM Skull/brain

  11. RADIOLOGY TOOLS X- RAY ULTRASOUND NUCLEAR MEDICINE MAGNETIC RESONANCE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

  12. HOSPITAL LINGO YOU WILL HEAR AND SEE THESE ABBREVIATIONS USED FREQUENTLY IN THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY X- RAY ----- PLAIN FILM SCOUT FILM RADIOGRAPH COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ----- CAT SCAN CT NUCLEAR MEDICINE ----- NUC MED ULTRASOUND ----- SONO SONOGRAM MAGNETIC RESONANCE ----- MR MRI

  13. HOW IS IMAGING DONE? • IONIZING RADIATION • X-ray, CT, Nuclear Medicine • SOUND WAVES • Ultrasound • MAGNETIC FIELDS / RADIO WAVES • Magnetic Resonance

  14. X- RAY • HIGH ENERGY PHOTON • --kilo electron volts • IONIZING RADIATION • EXPOSES FILM / DETECTOR • PROJECTION DATA

  15. XRAYSPLAIN FILM RADIOGRAPHY • CHEST • MAMMOGRAPHY • ABDOMEN • SPINE • EXTREMITIES, BONES & JOINTS • SKULL

  16. X - RAY -- FOUR BASIC DENSITIES • BONE • SOFT TISSUE • FAT • AIR

  17. CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY • INJECTION, INGESTION, OR OTHER PLACEMENT OF OPAQUE MATERIAL WITHIN THE BODY • IMPROVES VISUALIZATION AND TISSUE SEPARATION • CAN DEMONSTRATE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY

  18. UPPER GI – ORAL BARIUM CONTRAST (GASTRO INTESTINAL) STOMACH WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film COLON BARIUM ENEMA - RECTAL BARIUM CONTRAST

  19. INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAM – IVP INTRAVENOUS IODINE CONTRAST WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film ARTERIOGRAM INTRAARTERIAL IODINE CONTRAST

  20. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY • HIGH ENERGY PHOTON • IONIZING RADIATION • EXPOSES DETECTOR • TOMOGRAPHIC DATA

  21. CT- EXAMPLE RT CT REFERENCE FILM Skull / brain

  22. NUCLEAR MEDICINE • HIGH ENERGY PHOTON • IONIZING RADIATION --radiopharmaceutical • EXPOSES DETECTOR • PROJECTION DATA • DYNAMIC / PHYSIOLOGIC

  23. NM – EXAMPLES • BONE • HEPATOBILIARY • RENAL

  24. ULTRASOUND • SOUND WAVE-high frequency • NO IONIZING RADIATION • TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER • TOMOGRAPHIC DATA

  25. US – EXAMPLES GALLBLADDER KIDNEY OBSTETRICS

  26. MAGNETIC RESONANCE • HYDROGEN PROTONS IN A MAGNETIC FIELD • RADIO WAVE SIGNAL TRANSMISSION • NO IONIZING RADIATION • TOMOGRAPHIC DATA

  27. RT MAGNETIC RESONANCE EXAMPLES • BRAIN • SPINE • KNEE

  28. RADIOLOGY EVALUATION • MULTIPLE CHOICE - identify • LABELED IMAGES FROM FILM SETS AND LECTURE IMAGES • GROUP CASE STUDY (2)

  29. SUMMARY • TOMOGRAPHY VS. PROJECTION IMAGES • SECTION PLANES- AXIAL,CORONAL,SAGITTAL IMAGE CONSTRUCTION OF: • Nuclear Medicine • Computed Tomography • Ultrasound • X-ray • Magnetic Resonance

  30. OH… THE MANY USES OF NUC MED STUDY OF A HORSE’S _____ KING TUT MODERN IMAGING ?

  31. LUMBAR SPINE AP VIEW T-12 TRANSVERSE PROCESS L-1 SPINOUS PROCESS LAMINA SACRUM

  32. VERTEBRA SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS SPINAL CANAL BODY PEDICLE (ROOT) TRANSVERSE PROCESS PARTS OF THE ARCH LAMINA INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS SPINOUS PROCESS

  33. SUP. VERTEBRAL BODY PEDICLE SUP. ARTICULAR PROCESS TRANSVERSE PROCESS BODY SPINOUS PROCESS INF. VERTEBRAL NOTCH LAMINA INF. ARTICULAR PROCESS

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