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Phonics Instruction . Phonics instruction begins when print is introduced and paired with corresponding sounds. Graphemes . A grapheme is the smallest unit of written language. It represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word.
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Phonics Instruction Phonics instruction begins when print is introduced and paired with corresponding sounds.
Graphemes • A grapheme is the smallest unit of written language. • It represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word. • It can be one letter (g, d, f, s) or several letters (sh, th, oa, or igh).
Phonics Instruction • Teaches the alphabetic principle that there are predictable and systematic relationships between written letters and spoken sounds. • Improves reading and spelling skills • Critics say English spellings are too irregular for phonics instruction to help students read. • Alphabetic principle teaches students strategies for remembering words.
National Reading Panel’s Study • Explicit phonics instruction produces better reading outcomes than implicit or discovery learning instruction. • Systematic phonics instruction produces better reading outcomes than nonsystematic or no phonics instruction. • Systematic and explicit phonics instruction provides many opportunities for youngsters to practice.
Six Phonics Instructional Approaches • Analogy-based Phonics • Analytic Phonics • Embedded Phonics • Phonics through spelling teaches • Onset-rime Phonics • Synthetic Phonics
Put Reading First (2001) • Phonics instruction yields excellent student outcomes • Improvement in word recognition, spelling, and reading comprehension across ability and age levels.