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Spanish repression

FC.87 THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS (1560-1598). Medieval mentality linking relig . w /social & political issues. Catholic Ref. (FC.86). Protestant Ref. (FC.84). Protestant power grows in 1520s & 1530s as HRE emperor Charles V is hampered by other problems:.

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Spanish repression

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  1. FC.87 THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS (1560-1598) Medieval mentality linking relig. w/social & political issues Catholic Ref. (FC.86) Protestant Ref. (FC.84) Protestant power grows in 1520s & 1530s as HRE emperor Charles V is hampered by other problems: Charles’ empire  Enemies & wars that divert attention from Ger. $ problems  Armies desert Divided Ger. Hard to rule When Charles is finally able to defeat Protestants, Ger. Cath. princes & France, fearing his growing power, undermine his victory Peace of Augsburg (1555) lets each Ger. prince choose Catholicism or Lutheranism Many Ger. princes still turn Calvinist Tensions rise Charles V splits emp. b/w Austrian & Sp. branches Fervent Cath. Philip II of Spain Calv’s & Anab’s flee & spread relig. to Neth’s & Fr. Growing relig. unrest in Spanish Netherlands Growing relig. unrest in Fr. b/w Cath’s & Calvinists Relig. tension b/w Sp. & Eng. Eng. raid Spanish shipping Eng. aids Dutch rebels Spanish repression Riots & protests Fr. govt. weakens Growing anarchy Philip II of Spain tries to dethrone Eliz. I of Eng. Bitter wars aggravated by weak govt., feudal separatism, noble feuds, & foreign intervention Despite disunity, rebels hang on thanks to good leadership, seizing sea ports, & unpop. Sp. atrocities Sp. Armada launched vs. Eng., Fr., & Neth’s Beaten by Eng. (1588) Dutch milit. reforms, econ. power, naval vict’s & raids on Sp. shipping Indep. in 1648 Calv. leader, Henry of Navarre ends wars & secures throne by turning Catholic Saves Protestant cause in W. Eur. & weakens Spain Basis for Louis XIV’s abs. monarchy in 1600s (FC.95) Dutch econ. & naval domin. in 1600s (FC.93) Sets stage for 30 Yrs War (FC.88)

  2. FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48) Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or afford to quit Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87) Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79) Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Anycrisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict CATHOLICS: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy PROTESTANTS: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618) War spreads More states involved Must commitmore resources Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21) Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29) Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34) France joins vs. Hapsburgs Warof attrition (1635-48) Everyone worn out  Treaties of Westphalia & Munster (1648) Ger. stays divided & weak until unif. in 1871 (FC.121) Aust’s power in Ger. broken  Expands to East (FC.90) Spain is bankrupt & exhausted  No longer a major power Dutch win indep.Econ dominance in 1600s (FC.93) Stage set for dominance by Louis XIV’s France (FC.95)

  3. If you’re not a part of the solution, There’s good money to be made in prolonging the problem. www.despair.com

  4. FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) Rise of stronger centralized states in Cent. & E. Eur. after 1650, although w/o foundation of strong money econ’s & middle class E. Eur’s econ., social, & polit. development lag behind W. Eur’s Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia (FC.91) Rise of Austria-Hungary (FC.90) Rise of Czarist Russia (FC.92)

  5. FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Main geog. Factor? WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE a

  6. FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE a

  7. Below are the latitudes and average high and low temperatures in January and July for some select cities in Europe and North America. W. Europe Latitude January July Avg. rainfall Record temps Amsterdam 52º 18N 34-41º 55-69º 32.1” 3º & 93º London 51º 09N 34-44º 53-71º 29.7º 7º & 95º Oslo 59º 54N 20-31º 55-71º 28.7” -15 & 95º Tromso, Nor. 69º 41N 20-29º 48-59º 40.1” -3 & 82º Mediteranean Madrid 40º 27N 32-51º 61-90º 17.8” 14º & 105º Rome 41º 48N 38-55º 64-83º 31.6” 19º & 100º Athens 37º 54N 44-55º 72-88º 14.6” 25º & 108º Central and Eastern Europe Berlin 52º 23N 26-35º 56-73º 23.7” -11º & 95º Munich 48º 08N 24-36º 54-72º 36.5” -16º & 97º Prague 50º 06N 24-34º 54-72º 18.8” -13º & 97º Warsaw 52º 10N 24-33º 55-73º 21.6” -23º & 99º St. Petersburg 59º 55N 15-24º 56-70º 21.2” -36º & 91º Moscow 55º 58N 11-21º 55-71º 23.6” -44º & 95º N. America Chicago 41º 59N 13-29º 63-84º 35.3” -27º & 104º Champaign 40º 05N 16-32º 65-85º 39.7” -25º & 109º New York 40º 47N 25-38º 68-85º 46.7” -15 & 106º San Fran. 37º 46N 46-56º 54-66º 20.4” 27 & 103 Calgary 51º 06N 9-28º 51-72º 16.6” -33 & 93º

  8. FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE a Econ. Impact?

  9. FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE a Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64)

  10. FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Middle class bureaucrats Allies & money for kings who can afford: Army? Plentiful coastal & river waterways WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE a Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64)

  11. FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Middle class bureaucrats Allies & money for kings who can afford: Army? Plentiful coastal & river waterways WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE a Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64)

  12. FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Middle class bureaucrats Allies & money for kings who can afford: Impact on the state? Standing prof. armies Plentiful coastal & river waterways WESTERN EUROPE a Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64)

  13. FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Waterways? Middle class bureaucrats Allies & money for kings who can afford: Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Standing prof. armies Plentiful coastal & river waterways WESTERN EUROPE a Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64)

  14. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Allies & money for kings who can afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies

  15. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Allies & money for kings who can afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies

  16. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE State building? a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Allies & money for kings who can afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies

  17. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Allies & money for kings who can afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700

  18. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways Economic impact? a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Allies & money for kings who can afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700

  19. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle class Econ is mainly? Allies & money for kings who can afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700

  20. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways Impact on state building? a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700

  21. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700

  22. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700

  23. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways Political impact? a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700

  24. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants

  25. E. Europe is next to? WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants

  26. WESTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways EASTERN EUROPE a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants

  27. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies

  28. WESTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways EASTERN EUROPE a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies

  29. WESTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways EASTERN EUROPE a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies

  30. Good & bad news about state building in E. Europe? WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) Rise of stronger centralized states in Cent. & E. Eur. after 1650, although w/o foundation of strong money econ’s & middle class

  31. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) Rise of stronger centralized states in Cent. & E. Eur. after 1650, although w/o foundation of strong money econ’s & middle class

  32. E. Eur’s econ., social, & polit. development WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) Rise of stronger centralized states in Cent. & E. Eur. after 1650, although w/o foundation of strong money econ’s & middle class E. Eur’s econ., social, & polit. development lag behind W. Eur’s

  33. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) Rise of stronger centralized states in Cent. & E. Eur. after 1650, although w/o foundation of strong money econ’s & middle class E. Eur’s econ., social, & polit. development lag behind W. Eur’s

  34. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) Rise of stronger centralized states in Cent. & E. Eur. after 1650, although w/o foundation of strong money econ’s & middle class E. Eur’s econ., social, & polit. development lag behind W. Eur’s Rise of Austria-Hungary (FC.90)

  35. WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) Rise of stronger centralized states in Cent. & E. Eur. after 1650, although w/o foundation of strong money econ’s & middle class E. Eur’s econ., social, & polit. development lag behind W. Eur’s Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia (FC.91) Rise of Austria-Hungary (FC.90)

  36. WESTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways EASTERN EUROPE a FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) Rise of stronger centralized states in Cent. & E. Eur. after 1650, although w/o foundation of strong money econ’s & middle class E. Eur’s econ., social, & polit. development lag behind W. Eur’s Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia (FC.91) Rise of Austria-Hungary (FC.90) Rise of Czarist Russia (FC.92)

  37. FC89. COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHIES & HISTORIES OF EASTERN & WESTERN EUROPE WESTERN EUROPE EASTERN EUROPE Few coastal & river waterways Plentiful coastal & river waterways Plentiful trade Rise of towns, middle class, & money econ. (FC.64) Little trade  Hardly any towns, or middle classAgric.econ. Allies & money for kings who can afford: W/o allies or money, kings cannot afford: Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies Middle class bureaucrats Standing prof. armies E. Europe is next to W. Europe Strong centralized nation-states that control the nobles by 1700 Weak elective monarchies w/ strong nobles & enserfed peasants E. Eur. rulers try to copy W. Eur. by using: Trained & educated bureaucrats Tightly disciplined prof. armies “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) “Rubber-band” effect (FC.1) Rise of stronger centralized states in Cent. & E. Eur. after 1650, although w/o foundation of strong money econ’s & middle class E. Eur’s econ., social, & polit. development lag behind W. Eur’s Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia (FC.91) Rise of Austria-Hungary (FC.90) Rise of Czarist Russia (FC.92)

  38. Map showing different population densities in Western and Eastern Europe

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