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Do you know the topic today?

Do you know the topic today?. What is the similarity among these drinks?. The above drinks contain ……. Alkanol. Introduction. Alkanols Alcohols General Formula C n H 2n+1 OH or (R-OH) Functional Group - the hydroxyl group R- OH. IUPAC System of Naming.

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Do you know the topic today?

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  1. Do you know the topic today? • What is the similarity among these drinks?

  2. The above drinks contain ……. Alkanol

  3. Introduction • Alkanols • Alcohols • General Formula CnH2n+1OH or (R-OH) • Functional Group - the hydroxyl group R-OH

  4. IUPAC System of Naming • Choose the longest continuous carbon chain containing the -OH group • Final -e of the corresponding alkane name is changed to -ol

  5. IUPAC System of Naming • Examples CH3OH methanol CH3CH2OH ethanol CH3CH2CH2OH propan-1-ol CH3CHOHCH3 propan-2-ol

  6. Name the compound Answer : 2-methylpropan-2-ol IUPAC System of Naming CH3 CH3 - C - CH3 OH

  7. Structural Isomerism • Examples : C3H7OH have 2 structural isomers H H H H - C - C - C - H H H OH propan-1-ol H H H H - C - C - C - H H OH H propan-2-ol

  8. Structural Isomerism • Quick check : Write down all the possible structural isomers of C4H9OH

  9. Structural Isomerism CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 OH butan-1-ol CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 OH butan-2-ol CH3 CH3 - CH - CH2 OH 2-methylpropan-1-ol CH3 CH3 - CH - CH2 OH 2-methylpropan-2-ol

  10. Effects of Alcoholic Drinks • All are poisonous • Methanol (CH3OH) is toxic • All alcoholic drinks contain ethanol • Small amounts have relaxing effect, but Large amounts is dangerous • Taken in large amount has an immediate bad effect of mental and physical performance.

  11. Effects of Alcoholic Drinks • It affects the normal functioning of the nervous system • Excessive drinking of alcohol over a long period of time, leads to damage of liver and loss of memory • People may become addicted to it • Many health, family and social problems are due to these alcoholics

  12. Advice SO DO NOT Drink

  13. Manufacture of Ethanol • Ethanol from ethene • Ethanol from Fermentation

  14. Ethanol from ethene • Industrial ethanol is formed from ethene, a petroleum product. • The flow diagram for ethanol manufacture by direct hydration of ethene Ethene  Condensor ethanol + water Furnace Reactor steam 

  15. The chemical equation: CH2=CH2 + H2O  C2H5OH

  16. Ethanol from fermentation Fermentation is the slow breakdown of large molecules to smaller molecules by micro-organism.

  17. The sources are used • Ethanol has been made by fermentation for several thousand years. • The raw material is some form of starch or sugar such as : wheat rice & potatoes grapes apple

  18. barley

  19. -Different Source can make different Alcoholic drinks.

  20. Micro-organisms used –– Yeast • Zymase is an enzyme present in yeast. • Act as catalyst. • Conditions: room temperature and pressure. • Converts sugar toalkanol and CO2. • For example: Glucose C6H12O6 , • C6H12O6(aq)  CH2CH2OH (l)  CO2 (g)

  21. Solution of glucose with yeast Fermentation of glucose in laboratory Lime water ? CO2

  22. How to obtain a max. concentration of ethanol from fermentation • The yeast is killed when the proportion of ethanol reaches about 15%. • To obtain a further concentration of the solution, fractional distillation is used. • Max. concentration of the distillate is about 96%. • Pure ethanol (absolute ethanol) is obtained by using CaO (drying agent) to removed the traces of the water.

  23. Uses of Alkanol 1. Physical Uses • Solvents • Beverage 2. Chemical Uses • Fuel • Vinegar Synthesis • Ester Synthesis

  24. 1. Physical Uses A. Used as Solvent Because Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)contains : OH A. Polar Group  Water Soluble B. Non-Polar Group CH3CH2  Oil Soluble Hence, Ethanol is Soluble in Both water and Oil

  25. 1. Physical Uses B. Used as Bervage Because Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)contains : Ethanol is used as bervage because of its  GOOD TASTE  PROVIDE A RELEX SENSE Hence, ethanol is used as Bervage

  26. 2. Chemical Uses A. Used as Fuel Because burning of Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)is highly exothermic CH3CH2OH + O2 CO2 + H2O As much heat is given out from the above reaction, ethanol can be burnt as fuel

  27. O CH3CH2OH + CH3C OH O CH3C OCH2CH3 2. Chemical Uses C. Used in preparation Ester Because Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) react with Ethanoic Acid to form Ester The Ester formed can be used as a food favoring .

  28. O [O] CH3C OH 2. Chemical Uses C. Used in synthesis of Vinegar Because Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) react with Oxidizing agent to form Ethanoic acid CH3CH2OH The Ethanoic acid formed is used as a main component in Vinegar.

  29. Revision Introducing Alkanols • The general formula: CnH2n+1OH or ROH • The molecule consist of a functional group - the _______ group (-OH) joined to an ____ group (R-) .

  30. Revision Introducing Alkanols • The general formula: CnH2n+1OH or ROH • The molecule consist of a functional group - the hydroxyl group (-OH) joined to an alky group (R-) .

  31. Revision Press the pink button The general formula of alkanol is A. CnH2nOH B. CnH2n+2OH C. CnH2n+1OH D. CnH2n-1OH A B C D

  32. 2. Ethanol can be formed by two methods. They are ? ? Hydrationof ethene Fermentation Equation: Equation: CH2=CH2 + H2O  C2H5OH C6H12O6(aq) CH2CH2OH (l)  CO2 (g)

  33. The FIVE uses of Ethanol Used as Solvent 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Used as Bervage Used as Fuel Used in preparation Ester Used in synthesis of Vinegar

  34. The End

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